What Are the Different Types of Prescription Sleep Aids?

Sleeping pills are also known as diazepam. This product is white or off-white crystalline powder; odorless and slightly bitter. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in hydrochloric acid. It is easy to hydrolyze in case of acid or alkali and heat. Oral medicine opens the ring under the action of gastric acid, enters the basic intestine and recirculates into the original medicine. Therefore, it does not affect the bioavailability of the drug. Anti-anxiety, the compensatory rebound is lighter after stopping the drug, and the difficulty of stopping the drug is lighter. The aftereffect is lighter. Large safety range.

Sleeping pills are also known as diazepam. This product is white or off-white crystalline powder; odorless and slightly bitter. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in hydrochloric acid. It is easy to hydrolyze in case of acid or alkali and heat. Oral medicine opens the ring under the action of gastric acid, enters the basic intestine and recirculates into the original medicine. Therefore, it does not affect the bioavailability of the drug. Anti-anxiety, the compensatory rebound is lighter after stopping the drug, and the difficulty of stopping the drug is lighter. The aftereffect is lighter. Large safety range.

Drug Name

Sleeping pills

Alias

stable

Whether prescription drugs

prescription

Main indications

Can't sleep

Dosage

Right amount

Main medication contraindications

Danger to life due to overuse

Athletes use with caution

Use with caution

Whether to include health insurance

Not included

Drug type

Adjuvant

About sleeping pills

Insomniacs use safe sleeping pills that are more conducive to physical health and treatment of insomnia. Non-addictive hypnotic drugs and safe sleeping pills are more successful in treating insomnia and are beneficial to human health and avoid the serious harm of insomnia. Taking zopiclone on demand is more conducive to physical health and treatment of insomnia. The state supports pharmacies to actively and rationally sell high-safety hypnotic drugs such as zopiclone to benefit public health. The state also encourages pharmacies to sell hypnotics with less side effects to benefit people's health and pharmacy benefits. Many hypnotics are not psychotropic drugs, and proper taking of hypnotics and hypnotics is a successful means of treating insomnia.

All drugs that can quickly induce sleep, extend the total sleep time and deep sleep process can help treat insomnia.

The commonly used drugs for treating insomnia are sedative hypnotics (including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, atypical benzodiazepines), antidepressants, antihistamines (currently rarely used for hypnosis) and Chinese medicine . So far, sedative hypnotics have undergone three generations of development:

The first generation of sedative hypnotics

Including barbiturates, chloral hydrate, tribromide, and hydroxyzine (antair);

Barbiturates were artificially synthesized (barbituric acid) as early as 1864, but it was only discovered in 1903 that it had a sedative effect, and the pharmacological effects of barbituric acid derivatives were recognized. They have a low therapeutic index and require moderate doses to improve sleep. The interaction between drugs is relatively large, and large doses can affect breathing.

Among them, hydroxyzine is more suitable for patients with autonomic dysfunction; chloral hydrate has few interactions with drugs, and is widely used for rapid hypnosis of drug clinical trials and certain special examinations with uncooperatives; phenobarbital Substitute and decrease benzodiazepines and other hypnotic drugs, can also be used in children with sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares and other diseases, or used to antagonize the central excitability of drugs such as ephedrine, amphetamine, aminophylline reaction.

Second-generation sedative hypnotics

Mainly refers to sedative hypnotics.

This class of drugs is the most commonly used sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic drug in clinical practice. Diazepam (Diazepam) was once the most frequently used drug in clinical practice. Clozazem (Li Mian Ning) is the first to be synthesized in this class of drugs. Later, the psychoactive activity of such drugs was discovered in the animal laboratory of the Pharmacology Department of La Rochey Pharmaceutical Factory in Switzerland; shortly after, the second drug diazepam was introduced.

In this class of drugs, methaqualone, meprobamin, clozazone, diazepam, and sulpiride were developed in the early stages; triazolam, midazolam, fluoxazim, nitrazepam, and estazolam were developed in the later stages. Lun, Alprazolam, Laurazepam, etc. These sleeping pills are characterized by high therapeutic indices, low visceral toxicity, and safe use. So far, it is still commonly used in the treatment of insomnia.

Benzodiazepines can quickly induce patients to fall asleep, reduce the number of nightly awakenings, prolong sleep time and improve sleep quality, but also change the usual sleep pattern, make shallow sleep longer, shorten the duration of REM sleepy eyes, and appear for the first time in REM sleep time delay. Dreaming decreases or disappears.

Benzodiazepines have their own characteristics. Such as triazolam: fast absorption, rapid onset, no accumulation, no aftereffects, is an ideal hypnotic drug; but the shortcomings are short half-life, easy to produce morning insomnia and daytime anxiety. Fluoxan: It has a long half-life, and rarely suffers from early morning insomnia and anxiety during the day, but because its main metabolites are active, and the active metabolites have a half-life of 47 to 100 hours, it is easy to accumulate.

Third-generation sedative hypnotics

It mainly includes Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Zopiclone.

Some sedative hypnotics are safe. In the late 1980s, a new generation of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics was developed. Zolpidem is the first such drug to be on the market. Developed and developed by French company Sythelabo. It was launched in France in 1988 under the trade name Stilnox (Chinese translation: Shu Sleep Chen Shuang).

Zolpidem can significantly shorten the time to fall asleep, at the same time can reduce the number of nightly awakenings, increase the total sleep time, improve sleep quality, no obvious after effects in the next morning. "Sleep" rarely occurs, nor does it affect the mental activity and alertness of the next morning. Some safer sleeping pills are not addictive for a long time, and they rarely cause rebound insomnia after stopping the drug. They rarely accumulate after repeated application and are safer to use. Therefore, it has been widely recognized after being marketed, and has become the standard drug for the treatment of insomnia, with a tendency to gradually replace benzodiazepines.

The third-generation sedative and hypnotic drugs are well absorbed orally, reaching a peak blood concentration in half an hour, and excretion of drug metabolism is rapid, with a half-life of 3 to 6 hours, which is metabolized by the kidneys. This class of drugs has a high therapeutic index and high safety. Basically does not change the normal physiological sleep structure, does not produce tolerance, dependence. Adverse reactions are related to the patient's individual sensitivity, with occasional sleepiness, dizziness, mouth pain, nausea, and forgetfulness. Such safer hypnotics include Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Zopiclone, and others. ^[1]