What Are the Different Types of Transfusion Therapy?

In 1667 Dennis transfused sheep's blood directly to a boy; the discovery of the blood group promoted the development of transfusion therapy in the 20th century

Blood transfusion therapy

In 1667 Dennis transfused sheep's blood directly to a boy; the discovery of the blood group promoted the development of transfusion therapy in the 20th century

Transfusion of blood or blood components to patients to increase blood volume and plasma protein, thereby improving circulation, changing blood components, increasing blood oxygenation capacity and enhancing resistance, which is the most common treatment in modern medicine Measures.

Chinese name

Blood transfusion therapy

The history of human blood transfusion goes back to BC. Australian blood transfusions have a history of thousands of years. The first blood transfusion experiment in the history of Western medicine was France's Dennis. On June 15, 1667, he transfused blood from a sheep to a 15-year-old boy. Blood transfusion is performed by using silver tubes to connect lamb arteries and human veins. Because of the serious dangers posed by this method of blood transfusion, this method of blood transfusion was quickly condemned and banned.

It was not until the early 19th century that medical staff resumed blood transfusion experiments. The British Brendley syringe was transfused at the London Gays Hospital in 1818, the first successful blood transfusion. Initially, he only transfused blood to hopeless patients, but in 1829, a patient with major bleeding was rescued by the blood transfusion. Brende invented two specialized devices for blood transfusion. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 ~ 1871, blood transfusions were used to rescue injured soldiers. The difficulty encountered in transfusion at this time is mainly blood clotting. Doctors tried to prevent blood clotting by defibrillating, but this method removed most of the precious components in the blood and was not satisfactory.

In 1900, Austrian pathologist Landstein and others discovered that humans have four different blood types. In 1910, Czech serologist Jonske designated A, B, AB and O to represent these four blood types. This fundamentally solves the problem of blood coagulation structure: blood type examination must be performed before blood transfusion, and the blood types of the transfusion and the recipient must be compatible. Understanding of various blood adaptability has finally made blood transfusion safe.

Most of the early blood transfusions were done directly from the donor to the patient. Because if the blood drawn from the blood donor is not immediately transfused to the recipient, the blood will coagulate. In 1914, a method of preserving blood with a sodium citrate solution was invented. After that, it can be stored for more than three weeks. The red blood cells must be removed by centrifugation, and the remaining liquid is made into a powder for future use. If necessary, dilute it with sterile water.

In 1959, Gibbs proposed the concept of component blood transfusion, that is, according to the needs of the patient, various components in the blood, such as red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, were input instead of whole blood transfusion. This makes blood transfusions safer and more effective. In order to perform component blood transfusion, a plastic combined bag for storing each component of blood, a refrigerated centrifuge that separates each component, a blood cell separator, etc. have been successfully developed.

At present, there is no effective way to completely avoid hepatitis and AIDS due to blood transfusion. In the case of autotransfusion and blood dilution, attention has been paid to it.