What Are the Side Effects of Tramadol?
Tramadol is a non-opioid central analgesic, but has a weak affinity for opioid receptors. By inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine by neuronal synapses, and increasing the serotonin concentration outside neurons, it affects the pain transmission and produces analgesic effects. Its action strength is 1/10 to 1/8 of morphine. No inhibition of breathing, small dependence, significant analgesic effect. It has antitussive effect and its strength is 50% of codeine. Does not affect the release of histamine, no smooth muscle spasm. Both oral and injection absorption are good, the analgesic effect is the same. It takes effect from 10 to 20 minutes after oral administration, and the effect is maintained for 4 to 8 hours. Metabolized in the liver, 80% is excreted from the urine in the original form and metabolites within 24 hours.
Basic Information
- Chinese name
- Tramadol
- Foreign name
- Tramadol
- Short name
- INN
- Types of
- Analgesics
Tramadol indications
- It is used for various moderate to severe acute and chronic pains, such as cancer pain, fractures or various postoperative pains, toothache, joint pain, neuralgia and childbirth pain.
Tramadol clinical application
- Oral or intramuscular injection: 50 to 100 mg / time, 2 to 3 times / day; the maximum dose does not exceed 400 mg / day. The continuous medication does not exceed 48 hours, and the cumulative dosage does not exceed 800 mg. Intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular injection, 50 to 100 mg each time, no more than 400 mg per day.
Tramadol adverse reactions
- Sweating, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and difficulty urinating are common. Rare palpitations, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, or circulatory collapse. Occasionally, chest tightness, dry mouth, fatigue, itching, and rash. Excessive intravenous injections can also cause facial flushing, sweating, and transient tachycardia.
Tramadol precautions
- Patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, reduce heart disease or use with caution.
- For patients with brain injury, metabolic disease, alcohol drug withdrawal, and central nervous system infection, patients should be considered to increase the risk of seizures. Long-term use cannot rule out the possibility of resistance or drug dependence.
Tramadol contraindications
- Patients with severe brain damage, blurred vision, and respiratory depression are disabled.
Tramadol drug interactions
- Do not use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors; reduce doses when combined with central inhibitors (such as alcohol, sedative hypnotics such as diazepam, etc.); combined with dicoumarin anticoagulants can cause an increase in the international standardized ratio (INR) ; Taken together with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can cause an increase in serotonin activation (serotonin syndrome).
- Note: The above content is only for introduction, the drug use must be carried out by a regular hospital under the guidance of a doctor.