What Are Vital Signs?

Vital signs are indicators used to judge the severity and criticality of a patient. There are mainly changes in heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, breathing, pain, blood oxygen, pupil and corneal reflex. In a normal state, a normal person has a pulse rate of 60-100 beats / min (usually 70-80 beats / min). When insufficiency, shock, high fever, severe anemia and pain, thyroid crisis, myocarditis, and drug poisoning such as atropine, heart rate and pulse significantly increase. When intracranial pressure increases and complete atrioventricular block, the pulse slows. Under normal circumstances, heart rate and pulse are consistent, but in arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and frequent premature beats, the pulse rate will be less than the heart rate, which is called short diaphragmatic pulse.

vital signs

vital signs

Four major signs of life include

people

Breathing is the movement of the airways and lungs. The human body breathes in, inhales oxygen, and exhales carbon dioxide, which is one of the important life activities. It cannot be stopped for a moment. It is also a necessary process for gas exchange between the internal and external environment of the human body. The breathing rhythm of normal people is uniform and the depth is appropriate.

(1) Normal Breathing Values: When breathing calmly, adults 16 to 20 breaths per minute, children 30 to 40 breaths per minute, often 44 breaths per minute, children's breathing decreases with age and gradually reaches the adult level. The ratio of the number of breaths to the number of pulses is 1: 4.

(2) Breathing counting method can observe the number of undulations in the chest and abdomen of the patient, and one breath is one breath; or use cotton wool to place on the nostril to observe the number of blows. Number of breaths per minute.

(3) Two ways of breathing There are two ways for people to breathe normally, namely

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Normal pupil diameter is 2-4 mm under normal light, etc. on both sides

Corneal reflex refers to a kind of reflex that causes blinking when the cornea is stimulated, mainly reflecting the functional status of the pontine. When the patient is dying, the corneal reflex weakens, the lesion has invaded the pontine, and is about to invade the medulla oblongata.

Medical personnel must not only fully understand the meaning of vital signs, but also grasp the changes in the vital signs of patients in a timely manner in order to take effective measures in a timely manner for treatment.

(Popular definition: Definition of non-professional medical terms)

Vital signs are important signs that indicate the existence and quality of life activities, and are one of the important items for assessing the body. It includes body temperature / breathing / pulse / blood pressure / pupil and consciousness. These items are all visible to the naked eye and have normal ranges.