What Factors Affect Senna Dosage?

Senna, the name of Chinese herbal medicine. This product is a small leaf of the leguminous plant senna or senna. Narrow-leaf senna: Pick leaves before flowering, dry in shade, grade according to leaf size and quality, and pack with water press. Sharp-leaf senna: When the fruit is mature, cut off the branches, pick the leaves, dry them, and pack them as whole leaves and broken leaves. Indications: diarrhea and heat stagnation. Treatment of fever and constipation, stagnation and bloating. "Dinshen New Ginseng": Relieves fever, improves intestines, and defecates. "Modern Practical Chinese Medicine": cure food stagnation, fullness of chest and abdomen, and constipation.

Chinese name: Senna

Chinese name: Fan Xie Ye

Senna Source

This product is a small leaf of the leguminous plant senna or senna. Narrow-leaf senna: Pick leaves before flowering, dry in shade, grade according to leaf size and quality, and pack with water press. Sharp-leaf senna: When the fruit is mature, cut off the branches, pick the leaves, dry them, and pack them as whole leaves and broken leaves.

Senna alias

Jain leaves, diarrhea leaves ("Pharmaceutics Dacheng"), soaked bamboo leaves ("Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Standards").

Senna leaf flavor

Sweet and bitter, Cold, "Pieces of New Ginseng": bitter, cold.

Into the large intestine.

Indications of senna function

Diarrhea leads to stagnation. Treatment of fever and constipation, stagnation and bloating.

"Dinshen New Ginseng": Relieves fever, improves intestines, and defecates.

"Modern Practical Chinese Medicine": cure food stagnation, fullness of chest and abdomen, and constipation.

Morphological characteristics of senna

Narrow-leaf senna herbaceous shrubs, up to 1 meter high. Double pinnate compound leaves, 5-8 pairs of leaflets, short stalk; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm long; leaflets ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base Slightly asymmetric, glabrous or almost glabrous. Racemes axillary, with 6 to 14 flowers; pedicel with an ovate bract at the base, easy to fall; sepals 5, long ovate; petals 5, obovate, yellow; stamens 10, upper 3 small, sterile, central 4 The pieces are equal in length, the bottom three are curved downward, the anthers are slightly square, the base is arrow-shaped, 4-loculed; the pistil is curved like a sickle, the ovary is stipitate, and is sparsely hairy. The pods are flat and rectangular, 4-6 cm long and 1-1.7 cm wide. The top of the dorsal seam has obvious spikes, the chestnut is brown, the edges are green, and white hair is young. Seeds 4 to 7 are slightly rectangular and flat, the top is truncated and slightly concave, and there are dot-shaped wrinkles, brown-green, wire-shaped seed stalks. Flowering from September to December. Fruit is March of the following year. It is produced in the tropics, off the coast of East Africa and on the islands, in southern Arabia, northwest and south of India.

The shape of pointed leaf senna is roughly similar to that of the previous species. The difference is that the leaves of this species are mostly long-ovate, apex sharp or spiny, the base is asymmetric, and the back of the leaf is gray-green; flowers are smaller; It is 2 to 2.5 cm wide, and the apex is small and inconspicuous. Produced in the Nile Basin of tropical Africa. Hainan and Yunnan have been introduced from abroad.

Senna distribution area

1. Distributed in tropical Africa. China's Taiwan, Guangxi, and Yunnan have introduced cultivation.

2. Distributed in Egypt. China's Taiwan, Hainan, and Yunnan have introduced cultivation.

Senna growth environment

Wild or cultivated.

Senna Growth Habits

Native to dry and hot areas. It only takes 3-5 months from sowing to flowering. The average temperature suitable for growth should be 180-200d for days below 10 , and the accumulated temperature during this period should be not less than 4000-4500 . In China's drier and hotter Yuanjiang County, Yunnan, the average annual temperature is 23.8 ° C and the annual rainfall is 484.7mm. The soil requires loose, well-drained sandy soil or alluvial soil, and the soil is slightly acidic or neutral.

Senna leaf reproduction

Seed reproduction.

Senna leaf cultivation technology

Cultivation technology seed propagation: generally field broadcast. It should be planted in the dry season from February to February or when there is little rain at the end of the rainy season from October to November. The distance between rows is 70cm × 50cm. The day before sowing, control the small holes to pour enough water, sow 5-6 seeds per hole, cover the soil with 2cm, and cover the grass with heat. Field management seedlings grow up to about 10 cm, seedlings are transplanted with soil to lack seedling holes, to ensure that there are 1 strong seedlings in each hole, and clear water fertilizer is applied once every 15 days at seedling stage. During the budding stage, a slightly thicker rotten mature manure and urine are applied, and the buds and toppings are plucked to promote the lush growth of branches and leaves and increase the yield. Leave the planting area without picking buds, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote plumpness of the kernels. During the entire growing season, especially after rain, weeding and weeding should be done regularly to prevent weeds from overshadowing and competing for nutrients, and to prevent soil consolidation. Prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests Earth blight, in order to damage seedlings, spray 1: 1: 15O Bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution before or at the beginning of the disease; meanwhile, pay attention to sowing in the dry season, apply lime powder to improve soil pH and strengthen seedling stage management. Leaf spot, in order to harm the leaves, spray 1: 1 Bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim 1000-1500 times solution. (3) White butterfly larvae, for the damage of branches and leaves, are controlled by natural enemies with "slender waist bees" in Yuanjiang area, Yunnan.

Senna leaf pest control

Disease blight, in order to damage seedlings, spray 1: 1 or 15O Bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution before or during the onset of disease; at the same time pay attention to sowing in the dry season, apply lime powder to improve soil pH and strengthen seedling management.

Leaf spot, in order to harm the leaves, spray 1: 1 Bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim 1000-1500 times solution.

(3) White butterfly larvae, for the damage of branches and leaves, are controlled by natural enemies with "slender waist bees" in Yuanjiang area, Yunnan.

Senna leaf medicinal properties

Indian senna leaves: also known as Dingweiwei senna leaves. Dry leaflets for the plant Senna. Leaflets are more intact, with occasional branchlets mixed in. The petiole is about 2 mm long. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 cm long, 4 to 15 mm wide, entire, apex pointed with sharp spines, and the base is slightly asymmetric; the leaf surface is yellow-green The back of the leaf is pale yellow-green, slightly furry, and the back of the leaf has prominent veins. It is leathery, slightly tough, and it has horizontal diagonal embossing due to packing and pressure. The qi is weak and specific, and the taste is slightly bitter.

Alexander senna leaves also known as Egyptian senna leaves. Dry leaflets of plant senna. Small leaflets are often slightly curly, not very straight, and are somewhat fragmented, and the petioles are extremely short; the leaves are broadly lanceolate or long-ovate, 2 to 4 cm long, 7 to 12 mm wide, and the tips of the leaves are slightly or slightly convex, full Edge, base asymmetric. The leaf surface is light green, the back of the leaf is gray-green, slightly fluffy, and not embossed. Thin and crisp. Others are similar to the previous one. Both products are dry, narrow, sharp, large, complete, greenish, with few stems, and no mud and sand. The leaves are small, yellow, stalks, broken, and muddy. Indian senna is mainly produced in India, and it is also produced in Egypt and Sudan. Alexandria senna is mainly produced in Egypt. The current market products are mainly Indian senna.

Senna usage and dosage

Oral administration: decoction (post-entry), 1 to 2 money; ground powder, 0.5 to 1 money; or soaked in water.

Pharmacological effects of senna

Laxative action Senna contains anthraquinone derivatives, which have stronger diarrhea action and irritation than other laxatives containing anthraquinones, so it may be accompanied by abdominal pain. Its active ingredients are mainly senna glycosides A and B. After absorption through the stomach and small intestine, it breaks down in the liver, and the decomposition products excite the pelvic ganglion through blood to contract the large intestine and cause diarrhea. Senna has a wide range of effects and is considered to be more suitable for acute constipation than chronic ones.

Other effects Senna plants can produce many compounds with economic value; in addition to the role of diarrhea, some senna leaves also have antibacterial, anti-biotic and arrow poison effects. The water extract (1: 4) of senna leaves has an inhibitory effect on skin fungi such as A. audenii and Nocardia sclerotiorum in a test tube. Alcoholic extracts of senna leaves have a bacteriostatic effect on a variety of bacteria (staphylococcus and diphtheria, typhoid, paratyphoid, and escherichia coli), and its water extract is only effective against typhoid. The seeds of Auricularia senna can reduce fasting blood glucose in dogs; the whole grass also contains cardiac glycosides.

Senna related compatibility

Treatment of weak stomach and indigestion, constipation, abdominal distension, chest tightness: senna leaves one dollar, rhubarb six cents, orange peel one cent, huanglian five cents, clove six cents. Soak it in boiling water for two hours, remove the residue and filter, and take it three times a day. ("Modern Practical Chinese Medicine")

Clinical application of senna

Treatment of constipation during puerperium: take 2.5 yuan of senna leaves, flush about 150 ml of water, and dispose of the residue once after 2 to 5 minutes. If the constipation is too long, take the medicine residue once more after 10 minutes. Treated 100 cases, most of them were effective once. A few have mild lower abdominal pain after taking the medicine. No adverse effects such as decreased milk, increased lochia or general malaise were observed; and the uterus was well restored after defecation, and lochia was reduced. However, those with weak spleen and stomach should not take it.

Toxic effects of senna

1. Toxicity: Intraperitoneal injection of senna glycosides has an LD50 of 1.141 g / kg in mice.

2. Senna can sometimes cause abdominal pain, vomiting or exacerbate the intestinal inflammation (especially when the dosage is large).

3. There are reports of facial numbness, dizziness, no sensation or itchiness during urination, varying degrees of pain reduction in the trigeminal nerve distribution area, urinary retention, malignancy when taking large doses of senna Changes in blood pressure. The LD50 of mice with senna is 1.414g / kg, which is equivalent to 36.3g / kg, which is more than 300 times the amount of po treatment in clinical senna.

4. Some 102 patients who took senna were examined for urine routine, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, glutamic acid, alanine aminotransferase, jaundice index and electrocardiogram before and after treatment. No obvious abnormalities were found.

Senna Precautions

Physical weakness and pregnant women should not be taken. "Drink Pieces New Ginseng": Those who have cold diarrhea should not use it.

Chemical composition of senna

Senna angustifolia leaves contain senna glycoside C, which is rhein-aloe-emodin-dianthrone-8,8'-diglucoside. In addition to senna glycosides A and B, the pods also contain glucosides of rhein and emodin, and trace amounts of aloe-emodin or emodin glucosides. The senna leaves and pods contain stilbene components of 0.85 to 2.86% and 2.34 to 3.16%, respectively, from which rhein, aloe-emodin, small amounts of emodin, and sennas such as sennas A, B and C are separated. These anthracene components are present as glycosides. The plant still contains 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzoic acid. The same plant ear leaf senna contains tannins, leaves contain anthocyanins, and bark contains polyphenol oxidase.

Discussion on Senna

"Modern Practical Chinese Medicine": Senna, less used as a bitter and stomach-invigorating medicine, can promote digestion; take an appropriate amount can slow down the effect; if its diarrhea, take 4-6 cm, as an infusion, start in a few hours Effective and diarrhea.