What Is a Macular Degeneration Injection?
Macular disease can be caused by hereditary lesions, senile changes, inflammatory lesions, and can also be affected by other fundus lesions. Hereditary maculopathy
Fundus manifestations of macular degeneration Macular degeneration
- The macular region is an important area of the retina, located at the back of the eye, and is mainly related to visual functions such as fine vision and color vision. Once lesions appear in the macular area, vision loss, dark shadows in front of the eyes, or deformed vision often occur.
- What exactly is macular disease? More
- The "macular" is not a "spot". It is a normal physiological region on the fundus retina. It is located in the center of the retina and concentrates a large number of visual function cells. It can recognize most optical signals such as shape, size, color, depth, and distance. It determines the visual function. important part.
- Is it harmful to turn off the lights to see the phone? More
- Although mobile phones are not the cause of macular disease, experts remind that watching LCD devices such as mobile phones in the dark for a long time can indeed cause visual fatigue, dry eyes and discomfort, and aggravate myopia.
- Related entries:
- Macular blindness retina
- Is it easy to lose sight of my phone after turning off the lights?
- Some people say that playing with mobile phones in a dark environment can cause serious damage to the eyes. In the long run, it can cause macular disease, and once you get sick, you can only inject steroids. Many netizens worry that they often play mobile phones and their vision has dropped significantly. I wonder if it is a precursor to this disease. However, some experts point out that macular degeneration is a type of disease with many causes. If the macula is abnormal, symptoms such as decreased vision, dark shadows in front of the eyes, or deformation of the visual object will appear. Any lesions, such as edema and bleeding, will affect imaging, not caused by turning off the light and looking at the phone.
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Macular disease etiology and pathology
- Macular disease can be caused by hereditary lesions, senile changes, inflammatory lesions, and can also be affected by other fundus lesions. Hereditary maculopathy
- Fundus manifestations of macular degeneration
- Because a variety of factors can cause macular lesions, care should be taken to avoid factors that cause macular damage. Once the visual acuity changes or the visual object deforms, it is necessary to go to the specialist for treatment in a timely manner, clarify the cause and diagnosis and treatment, and protect the visual function.
Causes of macular degeneration
- What causes macular degeneration in the eye:
- Macular disease is a common disease affecting the macula in the elderly. The exact etiology is unknown. It may be related to heredity, vascular sclerosis, oxidative damage, chronic light damage, inflammation, and metabolic nutrition. According to reports, there are several factors that cause macular degeneration:
- 1, age: the older the age, the greater the risk of macular degeneration;
- 2. Gender: Females have slightly more wet macular lesions than men;
- 3. Family history: some families are susceptible, although no specific genes have been found for the disease;
- 4.People with hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, obesity, etc. are prone to macular degeneration;
- 5.Smoking, drinking, and nutritional deficiencies (such as carotene) can also cause macular degeneration;
- 6, exposure to blue light and sunlight;
- 7. Environmental factors.
- Macular disease can be caused by hereditary lesions, senile changes, inflammatory lesions, and can also be affected by other fundus lesions. Because a variety of factors can cause macular lesions, care should be taken to avoid factors that cause macular damage. Once the visual acuity changes or the visual object deforms, it is necessary to go to a professional eye hospital for diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner to clarify the cause and diagnosis and protect the visual function. [1]
Macular disease types
- Macular disease is actually very common. Many people around us will get macular disease, but many friends do nt know his cause. There are usually two types of macular disease. One is dry macular disease, and the other is wet macular disease. The following describes the symptoms of both.
- Dry macular disease: Dry macular disease, which accounts for 90% of the total incidence, is a type of aging that occurs with age. Macular hemorrhage and exudation do not occur. The disease progresses slowly, vision gradually decreases, and the harm is relatively harmful. Smaller. The most common symptoms are: blurred vision, unclear, need more lighting to distinguish details, and at longer distances, it is difficult to distinguish other people's faces. When dry macular disease develops further, the central vision will become blurred, and over time, this part will become larger, darker, and lose central vision.
- Wet macular degeneration: Wet macular degeneration, which accounts for 10% of the total incidence, is caused by abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, rupture and bleeding of new blood vessels, and causes scar tissue growth, causing sudden loss of vision, which will quickly and seriously affect the center of the patient Vision can even lead to central vision loss. The main symptoms of wet macular degeneration are: rapid deterioration of central vision, deformed vision, curved words on paper, and dark or blurred areas in the center of vision. [2]
Macular disease symptoms and diagnosis
Macular disease symptoms
- The main symptoms of macular degeneration are central vision loss, central dark spots, and deformed vision. No inflammatory changes in the vitreous. The fundus has yellowish-gray exudative lesions and hemorrhage in the macula, round or oval, with unclear borders, and slight bulges, about 1/4 to 3/2 optic disc diameter (PD). Below 1PD is more common. Curved or ring-shaped bleeding at the edge of the lesion, and occasional radial bleeding. There is a pigmented disorder around the lesion. Most of the lesions are centered in the fovea, with a radius of 1 PD. At the end of the course, yellow-white scars formed in the macula.
Macular disease diagnosis
- (1) In the early stage of the disease, the fundus is completely normal, but the central vision has been significantly reduced, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as amblyopia or rickets. Lesions progress slowly, but are symmetrical and progressive, and typically show typical changes around the age of 30, with central vision dropping to 0.1 or lower.
- (2) Fundus examination: When the visual acuity of the patient's center is reduced, the macular lesions are often not significant, and the two are disproportionate; subsequently, the foveal reflection of the macular center disappears, uneven pigmentation points appear, and gray reflections, and eventually macular degeneration, in order to detach the pigment Round area with gold foil-like reflections. The choroid becomes white, the blood vessels become thinner, and the optic disc is pale.
- (3) Before the fundus changes, fluorescent angiography can show high fluorescence in the macular region.
- (4) Visual electrophysiology, EOG decreased slightly, and ERG showed that the cone function was gradually lost.
Macular lesions
- After suffering from macular degeneration, in addition to blindness, life can not take care of themselves, easy to fall fractures, these patients generally have psychological problems. For example, intellectuals love to read books, and now they can't see and can't read macular degeneration. It s not enough to do something at home, you ca nt see the name of the medicine, and you ca nt see the label of the condiment, which causes a great burden on his physiology and psychology. He needs help from others everywhere in his life.
Macular disease golden period
- The golden treatment time for senile macular degeneration is three months after the onset. The patient's early symptoms are due to abnormal hyperplasia of blood vessels in the eyeball, leading to vascular bleeding in the macular area, blurred central vision and discoloration, deformation of the visual object and straight line distortion. Eyesight has begun to be impaired. If three months before the onset of treatment, timely and correct treatment can greatly reduce the chance of reducing blindness.
Macular disease prevention and treatment
- Prevention-oriented and early treatment.
- Macular degeneration in the elderly, macular warts are the earliest stage of the disease, the lesions are the lightest, but its latent danger is very large, at this time it is the least paralyzed. In young patients with macular degeneration, early central vision is reduced, but the fundus changes are not obvious. At this time, early medication should be found in time and treatment should be adhered to. In the course of any disease, the earliest course of disease and the mildest stage of disease are the best time to treat, and there are more opportunities to prevent the progress of the disease.
- Traditional Chinese medicine has great advantages in treating macular degeneration.
- Diagnosis of macular degeneration
- In the treatment of macular degeneration, there is currently no effective treatment in modern medicine. Clinically, antioxidants, vitamins, hemostatic agents, and optic nerve nutrition or cell activation agents are often used according to the stage of the disease. Early photocoagulation is performed on the choroid with new blood vessels to prevent the disease from worsening. At this time, photocoagulation can block existing neovascularization and cannot prevent the formation of new neovascularization, so most of the above treatments are symptomatic. Due to the unique pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine, it has a good effect on chronic recurrent diseases, protects the visual cells, stabilizes and improves vision, prevents the recurrence of the disease, repairs scars, and prevents the development of other eyes. Especially for the absorption of old bleeding and exudation, especially expertise. It can adjust human functions as a whole, and has minimal toxic and side effects, so in the process of treatment, strive for more opportunities to use Chinese medicine to achieve the effect of treating both the symptoms and the symptoms.
- For severe cases, co-treatment of the specimens can alleviate the illness.
- When hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment, neuroepithelial detachment, and hemorrhage enter the vitreous body in the macular area, it is a sign that the course of the disease progresses sharply and the visual function is severely impaired. Such cases often recur until the vision is severely damaged or completely lost. For this serious case, we must fully treat it actively. We will use different treatment methods according to the different stages of the disease. We will use plug flow to stop bleeding, tonify qi and clear collaterals, to clear heat and cool blood, to promote blood circulation, and to remove blood stasis. , Then the spleen and phlegm, dampness and qi. Late bleeding is slowly absorbed, dissipating blood stasis and resolving qi, and softening and solidifying the knot, and has a significant effect on the formation of a large number of scars, as well as nourishing liver and kidney, and softening and solidifying the knot.
- Physical therapy to achieve both symptoms and root causes.
- Fundus pattern analysis
- 1. Laser treatment: The thermal energy generated by the laser is used to destroy abnormal new blood vessels in the macular area. Laser photocoagulation is only to block existing neovascularization, and cannot prevent the formation of new neovascularization. It is a symptomatic treatment. At the same time, a slight overdose of laser light can proliferate choroidal neovascularization, and also damage nearby normal tissues. Visual function will be greatly affected, and we must be vigilant.
- 2. Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT): This method uses a near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 810nm. The radiation rate on the retina is 7.5W / cm2, which has strong penetrating power and low refractive interstitial absorption, which makes the target tissue slow. Increase the temperature by about 10 ° C. But lower than the local temperature generated by traditional laser photocoagulation, it has a non-specific effect on CNV and has less damage to surrounding normal tissues. After treatment, thrombosis in the CNV and partial or full CNV closure occurred, and it promoted the absorption of bleeding and exudation, while still retaining a certain visual function. Therefore, TTT is suitable for the treatment of various CNVs, including occult and typical CNVs.
- 3. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): Inject a specific photosensitizer into the patient's blood. When the drug is circulated to the retina, the photosensitizer is excited by 689nm laser irradiation, thereby destroying abnormal new blood vessels, and normal to the normal There was no damage to the retinal tissue. Therefore, it is used to treat CNV in senile macular degeneration, especially CNV with concave center. This therapy is currently a convenient, safe and effective method internationally.
- 4. Surgical treatment: such as resection of subretinal neovascular membrane, macular transposition, retinal transplantation, etc. Hope has been brought to the treatment of this disease.
- 5, ranibizumab combined with non-surgical therapy: by directly injecting ranibizumab injection into the vitreous of the eye, used to inhibit the growth of blood vessels in the eye, to achieve the effect of reducing the continuous decline of yellow spots. Because senile macular degeneration is a long-term pathological process, metabolites produced by its new blood vessels can block the "glass membrane" behind the retina, so that vital nutrients cannot enter the retina from the blood, and the discharge of wastes will also be hindered. Will cause death of retinal cells and eventually lead to permanent blindness. Therefore, while inhibiting blood vessel growth, existing metabolites must be eliminated. Professor Jing Lianxi's original ranibizumab combined with non-surgical therapy can not only inhibit the growth of new blood vessels in the fundus, but also restore the vibrancy of the glass membrane, activate the weakened waste treatment system, and make more nutrients Enters the retina, preventing and reversing age-related macular degeneration.
Macular Disease Therapy
TCM dialectical therapy for macular degeneration
- Deficiency of heart: Same as before, with pale face, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, thin tongue. The heart controls the blood, and the head is supported by the blood; I have been suffering from overwork or blood loss for a long time, and my heart is deficient. As a result, my eyes are deprived and withered, and my light is exhausted and blind. Face whitishness, dizziness, forgetfulness, palpitations, insomnia, pale tongue, thin pulses, etc., are all caused by blood deficiency. Remedy: nourish the heart and nourish the blood, and calm the mind.
- Liver and kidney deficiency: vision gradually decreases and vision is blurred. Symptoms include dizziness, tinnitus, soft waist and knees, and narrow pulses. Prolonged illness and overwork, or insufficient endowment, cause both liver and kidney loss, lack of essence and blood, loss of vision and glory, so the vision gradually faints; Rijiu's eyes are withered, Xuanfu occluded, and the light is blinded, and the eyes are See changes in optic atrophy. Systemic pulse disease is also caused by deficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood. Expelling: Tonify the liver and kidney, open the eyes and clear eyes.
- Liver qi stagnation: vision gradually declines, vision is blurred, patient is unhappy, dizziness, bloating, mouth pain and threatening, pulse string count. Depression and anger hurt the liver, Qi dysfunction, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, unfavorable pulse channels, Xuanfu obstruction, Shenguang must not go further, so that the visual acuity is unknown, and the fundus sees atrophy of the optic nerve. Liver Qi upside down, dizziness. Liver qi is lost, and the meridians are unfavorable, so it hurts the pulse string. Qi stagnation heat is bitter mouth, pulse count. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of macular degeneration of the fundus of the elderly should be: clearing away heat and liver, activating qi and activating blood.
- Spleen and kidney yang deficiency: vision gradually decreases, blurred vision, cold white face, cold waist and knees, less gas fatigue, less food and stools, pale tongue and white fur, and thin pulse. If you have a long history of illness, or you have insufficient endowment, and your spleen and kidney are yang deficiency, you will not be able to transport the sublime leaders and warm limbs of Mizutani. Eyes lost their warmth, Xuanfu gradually closed, Yang deficiency and fire faded, and Shenguang then disappeared, so nothing was seen. The fundus showed atrophy of the optic nerve. Because the essence can not warm the head, face and limbs, and nourish the blood vessels, the face is white and cold, the waist and knees are sour, less gas is weak, and the tongue is thin and thin. Yang deficiency and cold, can not be cooked and transported into the water valley, then eat less stools, tongue coating white slippery. Expelling: Tonify the spleen and kidney, warm Yangtongqiao.
Macular disease food therapy
- Macular disease treatment method: pork liver, medlar! Wolfberry, boiled with water. Do not overcook, eat light, liver soup. Tonifying the liver and kidney, nourishing essence and blood, can enhance vision and improve visual function. Sheep liver porridge: g of liver liver, remove the film and slice, add 3 green onions and chopped, fry for a while. Another 100 grams of rice, boiled with water until the rice blooms, and then cooked in the liver, served for breakfast and dinner. It can nourish the liver and clear the eyes, assist in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, and blur the vision.
Macular disease precautions
- Precautions for prevention of macular degeneration are to take care not to overuse your eyes and avoid the formation of myopia. Don't "keep your eyes closed", pay attention to frequent and complete blinking movements by yourself. Blinking often can reduce the time that the eyeballs are exposed to the air and avoid tear evaporation. Eat more fruits, especially citrus fruits, and eat more green vegetables, food, fish and eggs. Drinking plenty of water can also help reduce dry eyes. Maintain good habits, get enough sleep, and stay up late. Avoid operating the computer continuously for a long time, pay attention to the rest, usually operate continuously for 1 hour and rest for 5-10 minutes. Look at the distance or do eye exercises during breaks. If you have red eyes, burns or foreign body sensations, heavy eyelids, blurry sights, or even eye pain or headache, and you still have no obvious improvement after rest, you need to go to the hospital. Actively treat primary disease. Be careful not to hit the eyes with strong light. Also prevents eye trauma. Not suitable for long-haired pets. Fundus examinations should be performed regularly in regular hospitals, and early detection of macular degeneration is conducive to the timely treatment of macular degeneration.
Prevention of macular degeneration in the elderly
- The earliest sign of senile macular degeneration is vision distortion. In the middle of your vision, a dark spot-like blind spot will appear in the middle. However, due to lack of understanding of the disease, some elderly people often think that it is caused by "labor" or cataracts, which delays the treatment time and eventually causes blindness.
- When these symptoms occur, many elderly people mistakenly think that they are old-eyed and dizzy, and they are physically weak. They are clever and think that just rest and sleep a little bit will be fine. I did not expect to lie down for ten days as soon as I lay down, but my symptoms did not decrease, but instead worsened. This delays the optimal treatment time.
- Experts point out that if found in time and treated in a timely manner, 85% of patients can get better vision protection. In addition, patients with diabetes will almost always develop age-related macular degeneration after 5 to 7 years. At least once every six months, and preferably every three months.
- There are several risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: age is the only risk factor that has been identified. Gender is also included (studies show that women may be twice as likely to develop the disease as men); smoking; long-term exposure to blue sky and sunlight; malnutrition, such as low carotene levels, etc. People with the above phenomenon should go to the hospital for examination in time.
- If you have senile macular degeneration, you cannot smoke. You should eat a reasonable diet, eat more green leafy vegetables, and eat less high-fat food. At the same time, you should exercise appropriately to control weight and blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood viscosity. Taking antioxidants, namely vitamin C, E, -carotene and supplementing trace elements can also prevent and slow the further development of the disease. [3]