What Is Autoplasty?

The scope of plastic surgery is mainly skin, muscle and bone trauma, diseases, defects or deformities of congenital or acquired tissues or organs. Treatment includes both repair and reconstruction. Surgical methods are used for autologous tissue transplantation. Allogeneic, heterogeneous tissue or tissue substitutes can also be used to repair tissue defects or deformities caused by various reasons, in order to improve or restore physiological functions and appearance.

[zhng xíng]

The scope of plastic surgery is mainly skin, muscle and bone trauma, diseases, defects or deformities of congenital or acquired tissues or organs. Treatment includes both repair and reconstruction. Surgical methods are used for autologous tissue transplantation. Allogeneic, heterogeneous tissue or tissue substitutes can also be used to repair tissue defects or deformities caused by various reasons, in order to improve or restore physiological functions and appearance.

Meaning of plastic terms

1. Cosmetic: To modify and improve the appearance of a person to make it beautiful or have the form that people want.

2. Cosmetology: A treatment that makes the face and body beautiful.

3. The art of plasticsurgery: Related content can be traced back to BC in Chinese history. The name of The art of plastic surgery is from the West, and it is related to the reduction of facial deformities in ancient times.

4. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Plastic surgery is one of the specialties of surgery. It uses medical and artistic methods to repair and reconstruct the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs, as well as the beautification and reconstruction of normal human bodies. To achieve functional recovery and reconstruction, improvement and landscaping of the form. In short: Plastic surgery is "so that the wounded are not disabled, the disabled are not abandoned, and healthy people are more handsome and beautiful."

5. Cosmetic Surgery: Plastic surgery is called plastic surgery.

6. Aesthetic medicine: It is the application of medicine and its related methods to achieve the purpose of beauty. It is a combination of the development of relevant cosmetic ingredients in multiple medical disciplines, and belongs to the discipline of social application systems. Its birth should be the beginning of the emergence of medicine in human beings, and there may be applied medical methods to achieve the purpose of beauty. In a broad sense, not only encompasses medicine, but also includes applied biology, physics, chemistry, medicine, ethics And sociology to make people's appearance, structure, posture, and psychology achieve the desired results.

Plastic surgery hospital

The plastic surgery hospital is a health department approved by the Ministry of Health and has the qualifications for medical treatment and surgery. Plastic surgery hospitals are divided into state-owned plastic surgery hospitals and private plastic hospitals. In many cases, many hospitals, especially large-scale hospitals, carry out plastic surgery, but in the strict sense, such hospitals cannot be called plastic surgery hospitals. The plastic hospital should be a specialized hospital specializing in plastic surgery. Therefore, from this definition, there are only a handful of real plastic hospitals in China.

JCI Plastic Surgery International JCI Certification

What is JCI certification? In China, this seems to be a relatively unfamiliar term. As we all know, in China, the top three hospitals represent a medical authority. However, looking at the world, the JCI standard is the world's recognized medical service standard, representing the highest level of hospital service and hospital management. It is reported that at present JCI has conducted guidance and review to public and private medical and health institutions and government departments in more than 100 countries around the world. Various hospitals across the country are also actively preparing for and continuously striving for the approval of JCI certification. However, due to the extremely stringent JCI certification standards, according to incomplete statistics, there are about 20,000 hospitals in China. Currently, only 18 hospitals have passed the JCI assessment, and their pass rate is only about 5 per 10,000.

In January 2013, the Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University officially passed the strict evaluation of the JCI expert group, becoming the successor to Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaofu Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, and Huashan Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Fudan University It is also certified as a third-level affiliated hospital, and the only plastic surgery hospital in China that has passed JCI certification.

Plastic surgery history

Plastic surgery though

It is an emerging specialty with a history of nearly one hundred years, but the surgery for the defect of the whole body can be traced back to ancient times. For example, there are records of cleft lip in the Jin book of China before BC, and India has records of nasal reconstruction and earlobe repair in the 6th-7th century BC. In the 19th century, more and more people were engaged in orthopedic surgery, the scope of which has been expanding, especially the appearance of skin grafts, and the publication of many books about plastic surgery, which have promoted the development of plastic surgery to the professional. In the early 20th century, maxillofacial injuries played an important role in the treatment of World War I.

Chinese plastic surgery started as a discipline in the late 1940s, and in the early 1950s, some medical schools have established plastic surgery, setting up specialized beds, and treating various types of plastic surgery patients. Zhu Hongyin edited "Introduction to Plastic Surgery", Li Qinyi's "Practical Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", Song Ruyao edited "Repair of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate", "Plastic Surgery Treatment of Hand Trauma", and "Practical Plastic Surgery" by Kong Fanyi Surgery, Zhang Disheng's "Plastic Surgery" and Wang Liangneng's "Plastic Surgery" have been published successively, which have made great contributions to the popularity and improvement of plastic surgery. Yang Guofan, Li Ji et al. (1975) pioneered the free grafting of anastomotic forearm flap, which has been praised as "Chinese skin flap" by foreign counterparts. For professional development and academic exchange, China's Plastic Surgery and Burn Program has officially established a professional group in 1982, and the Plastic Surgery Society was formally established in 1985.

Top 10 plastic surgery countries

Percentage of total plastic surgery in the top ten countries in 2009:

1. United States 18.5%

2. China 13.8%

3. Brazil 12.4%

4. India 6.5%

5. Mexico 4.9%

6. Japan 4.7%

7. South Korea 4.1%

8. Germany 2.8%

9. Turkey 2.3%

10. Spain 1.8%

Classification of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery

Plastic surgery can treat defects in congenital function and appearance, or physical abnormalities caused by car accidents, trauma, disease and aging. Plastic surgery uses surgical methods to carry out various autologous tissue transplants. It is also possible to use allogeneic, heterogeneous tissues or tissue substitutes to repair tissue defects or deformities caused by various reasons to improve or restore physiological functions and appearance.

Some people call plastic surgery the "fourth medicine" after clinical medicine, preventive medicine, and rehabilitation medicine, that is, orthopedics. And cosmetic surgery is called cosmetic surgery.

Plastic surgery classification

1. Burn plastic surgery

Recent treatment and reconstruction of appearance or dysfunction caused by burn scars and deformities.

1. 2. Craniomaxillofacial surgery

Treatment and reconstruction of facial trauma, facial fracture, cleft lip and jaw, and other congenital facial deformities.

1. 3. Hand Surgery

Hand trauma, congenital malformations, reattachment of severed limbs, micro-flap transplantation, etc.

1. 4. Microsurgery

It is a process of performing anastomosis and reconstruction of tiny blood vessels and nerves by using a surgical microscope or magnifying glass and microsurgical technology.

1. 5. Cosmetic Plastic Surgery

It is the aesthetic modification and reshaping of the human body with normal anatomical structure and physiological functions.

1. 6. Cosmetic Dentistry

Correct and repair tooth irregularity or tooth color.

1. 7. Scar Reshaping

The repair of the problem of scars achieves a beautifying effect.

1. 8. Hair Reshaping

Head reshaping for thinning hair, bald head, and scalp trauma.

1. 9. Private parts repair

Repair the ruptured hymen, asymmetry of labia size, irregular pubic hair, and vaginal relaxation.

Plastic surgery

1. Patients with crowded teeth: The teeth are in and out, not beautiful, not easy to clean, easy to get dental caries, easy to form calculus, and cause periodontal disease.

2. The anterior teeth reverse jaw is also known as "Baobaotian", which shows that the lower teeth are occluded outside the upper teeth. Some people only have teeth reverse jaws; some people have not only teeth reverse jaws, but also deformed facial bones, called bony reverse jaws. , Manifested as underdevelopment of the maxilla--retraction, overdevelopment of the mandible--protrusion, resulting in a depression in the middle of the face and a crescent shape on the side, affecting aesthetics and function.

3. Patients with interproximal teeth show more gaps between teeth.

4, deep coverage: also known as "violent teeth", some only manifested as anterior front teeth or lower anterior teeth inversion; others are skeletal deformities. Some of these people have their upper front teeth and upper gums protruding too far, but the chin pinch is behind the upper lip, or there is no chin pinch at all.

5. Double anterior protrusion of the jaw, or anterior protrusion of the upper and lower teeth, causing the protrusion of the lips.

6, jaw: patients with teeth without occlusal function.

7. Back jaw, jaw lock: Affects the occlusal function of the teeth, which may cause long-term maxillary deformity.

8. Patients with deep overlap (anterior teeth bite too deep): the lower anterior teeth are not visible during occlusion; some people also have skeletal deformities and the lower part is short. This deformity can easily bite the upper gums, and also lead to periodontitis and facial joint diseases of the front teeth.

Plastic Reshaping Features

It is human nature to love beauty, but the pursuit of beauty is affected by many factors, of which economic ability is the main basis for people to choose beauty methods. The beauty profession has a certain degree of utilitarianism since its birth. Especially in recent decades, with the improvement of people's material living standards, beauty plastic surgery has developed at an unprecedented rate, mainly due to the commercialization of beauty plastic surgery. . Cosmetic and plastic surgery, as a discipline to maintain and create the beauty of the human body through medical means, is different from other general surgery in the following aspects in addition to utilitarianism.

Plastic surgery crowd

General surgical patients are a group of patients with certain pathological changes in their bodies and causing painful experiences. The doctor persuaded the patient to remove the lesion through surgery to reduce pain and restore normal physiological functions. Therefore, the relationship between the patient and the doctor is passive. The patient can only undergo surgery in order to relieve the pain, and he has no choice for surgery. The vast majority of patients with cosmetic surgery have no pathological changes that cause pain, but psychological barriers. They feel inferior and ashamed for their defects. They see a doctor not to solve the physical pain, but to achieve cosmetic results through surgery and to gain confidence. They ask doctors to perform surgery on them to correct physical defects. Their relationship with the cosmetic surgeon is an active relationship, and they can choose the surgical method they like.

Plastic anesthesia

Anesthesia for general surgery is aimed at alleviating the pain in the operation of the patient and smoothly passing through the operation period. In addition to plastic anesthesia for patients to pass through the surgery without pain, it should also be used for the purpose of comparing the surgical results during the operation. In order to compare the results during surgery.

Plastic surgery operation

General surgery is based on the principle of reducing the exposed range of wounds, exposing lesions well, and facilitating surgical operations. Therefore, the less exposure of the tissue at the incision during the operation, the better, and the easier the operation is, the closer the incision is to the lesion, and the cosmetic plastic surgery is to facilitate the comparison of the surgical effect, reduce the exposure of the incision, and the postoperative scar hyperplasia. Unnecessary tissue damage.

Non-surgical plastic surgery (injection cosmetic laser skin care)

Fillers are generally prosthetic bulks and autologous fat (cartilage) transplants

Evaluation of the effect of plastic surgery

The evaluation of the effect of general surgery is based on whether to remove the lesion, relieve the pain of the patient, whether there are complications after the operation, and whether the lesion has recurred. There is no high requirement for the shape of the surgical area. The evaluation of the effect of cosmetic plastic surgery is based on whether the shape of the surgical area is beautiful under static or dynamic conditions.

Plastic complications

General surgery is for the purpose of treating illnesses and saving lives. Complications are easily understood by patients and their families. Cosmetic and plastic surgery is for the purpose of cosmetic and commercial benefits. Complications are often not accepted by patients and their families, and medical disputes are prone to occur. Therefore, aesthetic and plastic surgeons are required not only to have solid basic medical knowledge and superb surgical techniques, but also to have a high aesthetic accomplishment to minimize the occurrence of complications.

How effective plastic surgery is depends on the doctor's experience (60%), patient condition (30%), and luck (10%). Plastic surgery is not a panacea. I hope that the effect of one thousand people's surgery is ignorant. Surgery can turn ugly ducklings into white swans, but not ants into elephants. Don't place too high expectations on cosmetic surgery. Unsatisfactory clothes can be avoided, and improper surgery will hurt life. A good foundation plus surgery and makeup can achieve the best beauty results. It's unwise to sell iron for beauty. It is best to get the consent of your family before the operation to avoid future disputes. Improperly cut clothes are not easy to change, and secondary surgery is more difficult. There are many problems that cannot be solved by cosmetic surgery. Plastic surgery can only solve objective problems and cannot solve subjective issues. What purpose do you hope to achieve through plastic surgery? It is inappropriate to use beauty as a bargaining chip.

Plastic surgery procedure

Aseptic operation

Aseptic operation in plastic surgery is a principle that must be strictly implemented. Since any infection will directly affect the surgical effect, plastic surgery operations are more complicated and the operation time is longer. The surgical field is not only extensive, but sometimes involves two The above surgical field, therefore, there are more opportunities for wound exposure and more opportunities for infection. Especially during tissue transplantation, the transplanted tissue is a piece of ischemic tissue, and the resistance to infection is bound to decrease before blood flow is reestablished. Therefore, aseptic surgery should be strictly followed during plastic surgery. If the transplanted tissue becomes infected, it will be completely discarded. Not only will the transplanted tissue become infected with necrosis, but the affected area will be damaged, which will cause the patient to lose the only opportunity for rehabilitation. When repairing or closing a fresh wound, it also requires strict aseptic operation, and a contaminated wound must be treated as a clean wound, so that the skin graft or flap graft can be fully alive to ensure the restoration of local functions. When the face involves nose, eye, oral cavity and other parts of the surgery, it is not easy to be absolutely sterile locally, but the skin and oral cavity should be prepared before surgery. At least the external source of infection should not be introduced into the surgical field . Aseptic operation involves all aspects of the operation. Each operation detail requires that everyone involved in the operation and the preparation of surgical instruments and articles should first develop a strict concept of sterility and consciously abide by and execute aseptic operation procedures.

Non-invasive technology

Any surgical operation has a certain degree of damage and destruction to the tissue. Every action during the operation may cause damage and destruction to countless cells, such as excessive clamping, squeezing, pulling, dry or overheated wet dressing, etc. A layer of cells or a portion of tissue is necrotic. These necrotic tissues will become the culture medium for bacteria. Even if no obvious infection is formed, scar tissue will form at least when healed. The surgeon must develop the concept of caring for the organization. From a histological point of view, any soft tissue, blood vessel, nerve or lymphatic vessel is living tissue, and any squeezing or rough treatment can cause a certain degree of damage and damage, resulting in secondary necrosis. Non-invasive technology is the rate of this damage Reduced to a minimum. The operation of the operator must be stable, accurate, light and fast. Knives, scissors and needles must be sharp and delicate. The wound should not be exposed to the air for too long. Cover the wound with a wet saline gauze at any time. However, overheated saline gauze cannot be used, especially when hemostasis, because of the eager desire to stop bleeding, sometimes ignoring waiting for the wet gauze to cool, it is anxious to apply overheated wet gauze to the wound and cause damage to the wound tissue. Injuries can affect wound healing, but this should be avoided.

Basic operation

The incision requires a small incision scar, concealment, and does not affect function. The following factors should be paid attention to: (1) the incision of the skin line and the wrinkle line should be consistent with the wrinkle line, or follow the expression line; (2) the direction of the incision should generally be the same as that of the nerves and large blood vessels, but on the face Consider wrinkles. Hemostatic orthopedic surgery should be the main procedure in excision surgery. Because of the large wounds and more bleeding, complete hemostasis is an important step in surgery. Electrocoagulation, compression, ligation and hemostasis and tourniquet hemostasis. Surgical plastic surgery requires good healing, so that the wound line is flattened into a linear shape without proliferating protrusions or irregularly shaped healing scars. At present, the best effect is the intradermal suture method (the skin is cut in a trapezoid shape, that is, the dermis is cut away more than the epidermis, so that after the dermis layer is sutured, the epidermis is slightly raised and there is almost no tension).

Plastic contraindications

The plastic surgery industry is booming in China. Plastic surgery experts remind female friends that some people are suitable for plastic surgery, but there are 5 types of people who are not suitable for this surgery.

According to the data provided by the Chinese Consumers Association, in the past 10 years, 200,000 faces have been destroyed by plastic surgery. On average, there are nearly 20,000 complaints of disfigurement due to beauty every year. Non-professional plastic surgery has become a veritable name. Female killer.

Experts believe that the main cause of frequent cosmetic accidents is that there is no distinction between those who are suitable for cosmetic surgery and those who are not. Only those who are physically and mentally healthy, fully understand the cosmetic surgery, and have practical requirements for postoperative results are suitable for cosmetic surgery. There are five types of people who are not suitable for cosmetic surgery: one is a person with a mental illness or a person with high expectations, the second is a person with a scar constitution, the third is a patient with a severe organ disease, the fourth is a patient with an infectious disease, and the fifth is an allergic person.

Experts also said that plastic surgery and psychology are inseparable. According to the aesthetic motivation and aesthetic psychology of aesthetic seekers, they can be roughly divided into normal aesthetic seekers, functional reconstruction seekers, star chaser seekers, psychological disorders, and love. Marriage type, career demand type, etc. Plastic surgeons should abide by professional ethics, try to satisfy the aspirations of beauty seekers, and give them correct advice and plastic surgery plans.

Experts finally reminded female friends that only if they correctly understand plastic surgery, choose it accurately, and prepare it methodically, can they have beauty in a healthy state of mind.

Plastic surgery adaptation

Aesthetic defect

This kind of beauty seekers are mainly young men and women. Their appearance is normal in terms of general standards. However, in order to increase their beauty, I hope that I will add icing on the cake, be more attractive, and attract attention and favor from others. Cosmetic purpose belongs to pure plastic surgery. Seekers have higher requirements for the effect of plastic surgery.

Reduce or eliminate signs of natural aging

After middle age, the organs of various parts of the body gradually age, and the skin appears to have reduced elasticity and sagging, especially on the face. It is manifested by aging of the upper face, sagging skin, sagging of the lower eyelids, and wrinkles on the face. Carry out cosmetic surgery for these aging conditions, reduce or eliminate the appearance of aging, gather courage in life, and start a new life.

Congenital or acquired appearance deformities

This kind of deformity may simply affect the appearance and may also be accompanied by dysfunction. Appearance deformity affects the communication of beauty seekers, and the psychological pressure is greater. In plastic surgery, we must consider the restoration of functions and take care of the appearance.

Plastic surgery

Prosthetic breast augmentation, non-marking minimally invasive breast augmentation, autologous fat breast augmentation, nipple depression, breast reduction, breast sagging correction, breast augmentation failure repair, areola redness, areola reduction, attached mastectomy

Plastic Liposuction

Facial Liposuction Thin Face Back Liposuction Arm Liposuction Abdominal Liposuction Abdominal Liposuction Hip Liposuction Leg Liposuction

Plastic surgery

Double Eyelid Surgery

Nose Surgery

Bionic rhinoplasty prosthesis rhinoplasty ear cartilage rhinoplasty rhinoplasty rhinoplasty rhinoplasty nose wing nose reduction hump eagle nose correction

Plastic ear shaping

Auricle plastic surgery, ear wind correction, auricle deformity correction, earlobe deformity correction, earring piercing, appendicectomy, concealed ear repair and plastic surgery, earlobe defect repair, large auricle repair, big ears Reduction surgery and cauliflower orthopedics.

Plastic surgery

Neck Wrinkle Iveland Wrinkle Biological Wrinkle Laser Wrinkle Removal HS Whole Face Lifting for Other Parts.

Plastic surgery

Long Chin Mandibular Angle Reshaping Face Filling Dimple Formation Lip Shaping Orthopedic Sacral Orthopedic Sacral Abdominal Bone Grinding Surgery

Masseter resection

Plastic laser beauty

The iridescent and tender complexion calms down to stretch marks, red bloodshot skin, dark yellow and black face dolls, laser whitening, laser hair removal, acne freckle removal and mole removal.

Private shaping

Hymen repair vaginal tightening clitoris plastic labia minora

Private shaping

Foreskin circumcision penis lengthening penile reconstruction penis thickening

Plastic reshaping

Whitening needles face-lifting needles hyaluronic acid iverm botulinum toxin

High plastic surgery failure rate

Which woman does not want to have "angel face, devil figure"? A beautiful face will naturally bring a lot of added value, so more and more people will step onto the operating table without any hesitation. However, according to major media reports in South Korea, movie stars who used to have beautiful faces after plastic surgery in the film and television industry have already been plagued by surgical complications and may even be "disfigured."

Therefore, it can definitely be said that there is no risk-free surgery. No matter how small the surgery is, there will be trauma, and there will be risks. In clinical practice, double eyelids, rhinoplasty, lower eye bags, and breast augmentation are among the top four plastic surgery failures, accounting for as much as 80% of all plastic surgery.

However, there is no way to avoid complications. First, you should choose a regular medical institution and an experienced doctor. Don't trust the propaganda of some unqualified beauty institutions. Secondly, with the advice of a professional doctor, choose the treatment method that suits you. Taking double eyelid surgery as a common complication, for example, some plastic surgeons are overly pursuing "European eyes", but this method is not suitable for all people. For many people of Asian descent, complications or complications are more likely Eyelids are too wide, too narrow, and too short. Again, choose the best surgical period. For example, when the resistance to fever and cold is weak, women are in the physiological cycle, people infected with inflammation such as pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, and patients with chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes are not suitable for plastic surgery. Finally, when people are emotionally unstable, it is best not to plastic surgery. For example, some people have just had an argument with their family members, and their emotions are in the period of agitation or depression. At this time, the state of the human body is poor, and surgery is more prone to complications.

For a specific part, if you choose to perform eye surgery, you should avoid periods of skin cysts and inflammation around the eyes; people who are allergic to pollen in spring and autumn, or who often sneeze, try to avoid rhinoplasty. If you do not pay attention to the above problems, infection, bleeding, post-operative wound non-healing, anesthesia accident, etc. may easily occur, or the final appearance is not ideal.

In fact, the most important point when complications occur is that the plastic surgery is not given enough attention before surgery. It is considered as simple as cosmetic surgery, but in fact, it is as risky as any other surgery. Therefore, everything must be done before plastic surgery. ready.

Reminder of Beauty Plastic Surgery: It is also important for patients to pay attention to some alarm signals of the body after surgery. For example, if there is continuous redness and swelling in the wound after rhinoplasty, there will be tears and eye damage after eye surgery. For increased secretions, etc., you should always consult your doctor and follow your doctor's instructions.

Before and after plastic surgery

In the winter, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is weak, and many people will choose to do some beauty treatments or cosmetic surgery that makes beauty faster. However, ignoring skin care before and after surgery may leave you with many regrets. Let us sum up the eight advices to accompany you through the beautiful time before and after surgery.

1. Telling the V-shaped chin to lift the neck to stabilize

Many people want to have a V-shaped chin: that is, when looking up from below the chin, it is a V-shape instead of a U-shape. In this way, the face shape will become a beloved face, so the operation of receiving the chin has been very popular for nearly two years. welcome.

However, the skin of the chin is connected to the skin of the neck. Many people use the product combined with massage techniques to lift the skin of the jaw after performing the chin-surgery operation, but they neglect the impact of the neck skin. In order to prevent the skin of the neck from being loosened after the chin is removed, it is recommended that after 3 months of surgery, you use a neck cream with a lifting effect every day to massage from the neck to the chin from the bottom up. This persistence can also help maintain the V-shaped line.

1. Tell sensitive skin not to be afraid of acid

Many friends around me have sensitive skin, and I feel a sense of fear when I hear fruit acid beauty treatments. However, as long as it is properly prepared, it can improve the sensitivity.

For sensitive skin, it is best to allow one month to adjust the skin's tolerance before performing the acid rejuvenation therapy. Before the operation, a skin sensitivity test is performed by a physician to determine the dosage and duration of fruit acid. Use pure plant products that do not contain any fragrance and alcohol, and carefully select chemical fruit acids. In this way, after fruit acid therapy, not only the skin is not damaged, but even the overall tolerance and the acid-base balance are improved.

1. Do not exfoliate before microcrystalline grinding

Microcrystalline grinding can improve pores and rough skin, but not all skins are suitable. Thinner or dry skin and sensitive skin do this, the skin can easily become thinner or more fragile.

Although this cosmetology is physical, because it will wear away the stratum corneum of the skin, we must pay attention to reducing the irritation to the skin before. One month before the operation, try not to do exfoliation, so that the aging keratin will fall off normally in the 28-day cycle. In this way, during the operation, the stratum corneum has an appropriate thickness to resist the friction of mineral crystallites.

1. Tells cleansing and makeup removal

Some are called "lunch beauty items"-whitening needles can be cleansed and even makeup removed as usual the day after.

When using face wash or makeup remover, it is best to avoid rubbing foaming makeup remover, etc., because these products usually require massage to promote the removal of dirt and makeup, causing greater friction and pressure on the skin. Mousse or milky facial cleansers and makeup removers only need to be gently rubbed, which has little friction and pressure on the skin. Even if the skin is slightly uncomfortable after the operation, it is no problem to use.

1. Advise high-profile sunscreen after all surgery

If you just think that you should pay special attention to sun protection only after photon rejuvenation, it is too outdated. No matter what cosmetic surgery is performed in Korea, the last thing girls dare to ignore is sun protection. Whether they are indoors or out at night, whether in summer or winter, they will apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30-50.

This is because many surgeries make the skin temporarily fragile and sensitive. Melanocytes fall off, and the protection ability against ultraviolet and artificial light is reduced. At this time, if the sun protection is not enough, ultraviolet and artificial light can easily irradiate deep into the skin, causing pigmentation or scarring. Use a high-power sunscreen to avoid frictional irritation to the skin caused by multiple application.

Plastic and cosmetic development

The global financial turmoil has brought about a workplace crisis, and "unemployed" has become the biggest panic among working people who depend on work to support their families. In order to improve their ability to survive in the workplace, white-collar workers in the workplace have done everything possible, especially affected by Foreign companies and white-collar workers in the IT industry, which have a relatively large impact from the financial turmoil, are also forced into plastic surgery institutions under the pressure of workplace pressure. There are mainly two types of people who have been shaped by the workplace crisis caused by the financial turmoil. One is that they may still be facing layoffs while working, and the cruel workplace forces them to improve themselves in various ways in order to avoid the layoff. Another category is white-collar workers who have been unemployed, and even gold-collar workers. After leaving their familiar and hard-working working environment, they have also witnessed the cruelty of the workplace. This part of the crowd is looking forward to reshaping the former workplace haze after reshaping and restarting their careers. At the same time, the sudden economic storm has also brought greater pressure to men in the workplace. Women's plastic surgery is to make them more beautiful and attractive, so the starting point of these men's plastic surgery is "I hope I have kindness" and "make myself look young and energetic." Middle-aged men account for most of them, with a certain economic foundation, and changes in appearance can contribute to the success of their careers. It can be seen that the domestic plastic and cosmetic market has huge potential in the future.

Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery hospitals in Taiwan are mostly private hospitals. The scale, decoration, and hardware and software facilities of the hospitals are all similar. The scale is basically within 150-300 square meters. The decoration is four or five-star, and it is basically imported equipment.

The publicity of plastic surgery hospitals in Taiwan is basically spread by word of mouth and from person to person. I did a good job for a customer today, and tomorrow, she may bring her friends.

Plastic surgeons in Taiwan generally have high education and high literacy, as well as strong professional ethics. It has won high appraisal and approval from consumers of plastic surgery in the Mainland. So, how can mainland people go to Taiwan for medical treatment? In fact, we can already understand that going to Taiwan for medical treatment has become more and more convenient.

[Policy for Medical Treatment in Taiwan]

Taiwan's medical community is actively cooperating with related service agencies to open mainlanders to Taiwan for medical treatment. While mainlanders are visiting Taiwan, they are invited to undergo a health check. Relevant person in charge of the Taiwan medical industry said that opening up mainlanders to Taiwan for medical services will better serve the health of the people. Regarding the policy restrictions of the authorities, in a meeting convened by the relevant department in charge of mainland affairs in Taiwan, it was suggested that the authorities simplify the application process, expand the program of opening medical treatment to Taiwan, establish a relationship with the mainland medical network system, and establish a cross-strait referral system to facilitate mainland residents to seek medical treatment in Taiwan .

[Consumer issues]

1. Consumers' application process is relatively complicated; 2. Consumers lack understanding of Taiwan's medical resources;

[Solution]

Consumers can use third-party agency services to further streamline the process and get authoritative medical resource advice. Yuanmeng Health is the only third-party service provider in mainland China that can provide a comprehensive range of services from pre-hospital emergency to in-hospital emergency treatment and in-hospital treatment and post-mortem claims. Medical treatment in Taiwan is one of the advantages of Yuanmen Health. The advantage of Yuanmeng is that it has a rich network of medical resources in Taiwan, which can provide consumers with a number of medical treatments in Taiwan, such as: medical cosmetology, happy living pressure relief, bone and joint replacement, the latest gamma knife, tooth whitening and implantation. Teeth, sleep therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, etc.

Plastic surgery

Korean plastic surgery has gradually been recognized in China. Major cities, especially Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and other cities have become very popular. Plastic surgery hospitals are everywhere. Korean plastic surgery projects include: eyebrow shaping, eye shaping, nose Body plastic surgery, lip plastic surgery, facial plastic surgery, ear plastic surgery, breast plastic surgery, liposuction and slimming, private plastic surgery, underarm odor removal, iridescent skin rejuvenation, spot and acne removal, needle-free whitening, wrinkle peeling, permanent hair removal, acne removal And cosmetic items such as acne marks;

"If Chinese women use their cooking skills to" tether "their husbands, then Korean women rely on their looks to" tie "their men! In South Korea, at least half of women have undergone cosmetic surgery. Cut their eyelids and rhinoplasty For the removal of freckles, we ca nt count it as a surgery at all, even if it is cosmetic. At the same time, surgery such as rubbing the chin, ribs and breast augmentation is considered to be cosmetic surgery. With the popularity of Korean dramas in Asia, all Asian countries Korean women have a "stunning sense." Why are Korean women so beautiful? Big eyes, high nose bridge, oval goose egg face, perfect to find almost no flaws, look back at the fellow people around, squint eyes, collapse the nose bridge, big round face What do you think is ugly, so that we Asians of Mongolian race haven't figured it out. Is it really one side who raises water and soil? In fact, some of these beautiful Korean beauties may be born, but most of them rely on "integer "The whole thing.

South Korean singers or celebrities rarely do not operate on the face, and this cosmetic atmosphere is not only in the celebrity circle, but ordinary office workers, college graduates, and housewives see plastic surgery as a very common beauty. Most people are in favor of plastic surgery, so this kind of surgery is very common, just like going to a barber shop when hair grows, which is a trend in Korea. And many people don't conceal that they have been groomed.

Get off at Apgujeong-dong Station of Seoul Subway Line 3 and you can see the famous "cosmetic street" in Korea. More than 200 plastic surgery clinics and plastic hospitals are lined up along the street of Apgujeong-dong. Some buildings even crowded several clinics. Three or four signboards are heavy. If there is no insider guidance, go to some foreign countries alone. For those who do plastic surgery, they really can't figure out where to go.

Summary of the development trends of the plastic surgery industry in 2009

After more than 20 years of development in China's plastic surgery industry, in recent years, plastic surgery has grown at a rate of more than 200% every year. In 2004, 1 million people received plastic surgery, and the average total annual plastic surgery in the world is 150 billion US dollars. In 2003, the beauty industry alone employed 11.2 million people across the country, with a total of 1.532 million institutions, operating income of 168.04 billion yuan, and an output value of 1.80% of GDP. The national beauty market is basically taking shape, and the cosmetic industry is just starting.

2009 Shaping Trends in 2009

1. The number of potential people for plastic surgery is huge:

The first is to give cosmetic repairs to the existing deformed appearance;

Second, there is no appearance disease, and the operation is simply to beautify the appearance.

2. The five major product items of plastic surgery:

The main product forms of plastic surgery are: breast enhancement, weight loss, photon beauty, facial plastic surgery, and skin care.

3. The world's plastic surgery market has a bright future:

The concept of modern beauty consumption, regardless of its products, technology, equipment, teaching materials, teaching methods, beauty market norms, etc. Strengthening exchanges at home and abroad can form a mutually reinforcing relationship.

4. Rapid development of China's plastic surgery industry:

With high growth and high profits, it is a rising industry with huge development space, broad industrial extension, rich connotation, and greater flexibility in supply and demand. There are not many specialized plastic surgery hospitals with strong competition.

Plastic matters

Before plastic surgery

1. Be mentally prepared. Choose a reliable medical unit or doctor to perform the operation, so that you are full of confidence and security in the operation, eliminate fear, calm down, and actively cooperate with the doctor to achieve a beautiful wish. Never blindly consult a doctor to avoid adverse consequences;

2. There should not be any (with bacterial) lesions in the front part of the operation;

3. To prevent infection, women cannot undergo surgery during menstruation;

4. Do not take medicines containing aspirin within two weeks before the operation, because aspirin will reduce the function of platelet coagulation;

5. Patients with hypertension and diabetes should inform the doctor of the condition at the time of the initial diagnosis so that the doctor can confirm the surgical plan;

6. Make sure that you are healthy before the operation and that there is no infectious disease or other body inflammation;

7. Do not apply makeup before surgery;

8. Eat light food, and only eat as directed by your doctor.

After plastic surgery

1. Minimize activities after surgery to prevent touching the surgical site;

2. It is strictly forbidden to touch the surgical incision by hand after operation, and avoid infiltration of water in the incision within 7 days after operation;

3. Ensure that the surgical site is clean and prevent infection. If there is blood rash or secretions on the wound, wipe it with sterile saline;

4, after surgery, local wounds can be pressure bandaged or cold pack with ice pack, but the pressure should not be too large, so as not to damage the surgical site;

5, after the operation should have a quiet and comfortable environment to rest, to avoid weight loading and increase wound swelling;

6, taboo, fasting spicy spicy food;

7. Smoking is strictly prohibited for two weeks after operation;

8. Sexual life is strictly prohibited for two weeks after surgery.

Plastic taboo

(1) Absolute contraindications:

Absolute contraindications are that it is not advisable to perform breast plastic surgery regardless of whether the patient has the desire to reconstruct the breast or not. include:

The general condition cannot tolerate breast cosmetic surgery;

Patients with severe psychological disorders or mental disorders;

It is difficult for patients to agree with their families (especially spouses);

There are tumor remnants in the reconstructed breast surgery area.

(2) Relative contraindications:

Including: the patient's tumor itself is late, there is a high risk of recurrence after breast cancer surgery, and the patient is expected to have a short survival time;

Within 6 months after mastectomy in breast cancer patients, the patient is in the period of anti-cancer treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy;

Large-area chest wall radiation injury;

People with scar constitution;

Patients who are pregnant or nursing;

Immature women;

Lean and frail old woman.

30 30 years old plastic surgery

Plastic Surgery: IPL

Dark skin tone, enlarged pores, and rough skin are common skin phenomena of this age group. The technology of "color light skin rejuvenation" can effectively improve the above problems: the biggest highlight of this project is the specially configured ultra-fine nano carbon powder penetrates the skin. The activation of collagen through a crystal laser reorganizes collagen fibers, lyses excess fat on the face, and re-aligns the cells so that the skin regains its elasticity and pores shrink to achieve the effect of tightening the skin.

Plastic Surgery 2: Face Surgery

With a change, it makes you feel that you are younger than your actual age. The first recommendation is of course the face contouring project. According to plastic surgery experts, generally different plastic surgery can be adopted for different reasons that cause large faces and lack of three-dimensional beauty. If the angle of the jaw is too wide, the contour of the facial bone can be changed with minimal invasiveness in the mouth. If the cheek fat pad on the cheek is round, only a simple cheek fat pad removal operation is needed.

Plastic Surgery 3: Liposuction

For the female elite in the workplace who has been fighting for many years, obesity of the lower body has become the biggest problem in maintaining the figure. Among the medical plastic surgery projects, liposuction and weight loss programs can be described as the most direct and effective method. According to plastic surgeons, liposuction sites include abdomen, buttocks, waist, thighs, upper arms, chest, face and neck, etc. However, the main purpose of liposuction is to shape the body, not to lose weight.

Plastic surgery hospital

With the advancement of medical cosmetic technology, plastic surgery has created many myths of artificial beauty, the ugly duckling becomes a swan. However, some cosmetic accidents also happen from time to time. Many newly opened medical and beauty institutions have put a lot of advertisements, creating many false "masters", "doctors", and "experts". They have hyped up some false cases and let the majority of beauty lovers know Choosing a plastic hospital is at a loss. suggestions below:

First, choose a plastic hospital first to see if the hospital and the doctor have legal qualifications

National medical and administrative departments have always paid close attention to the safety of medical cosmetology and set strict admission standards. When choosing an orthopedic hospital, the beauty seeker must first see whether the cosmetic institution has a medical institution license issued by the Health Bureau, and when choosing a physician, check whether the physician has a certificate of cosmetic surgery practitioner "Issued by the Ministry of Health", director of cosmetic surgery Physician certificate "Issued by the Provincial Department of Health". Legal medical places and qualified cosmetologists are the foundation of cosmetic success.

Cosmetology clubs are places that provide basic skin care, make-up and beauty, and involve injection, laser, and surgical medical and cosmetic measures, which require more professional medical technicians to implement. Cooperating with many undocumented rivers and lakes medical doctors, packaging all kinds of "masters", privately injecting beauty, and even surgical beauty, has caused many accidents and disputes. Not long ago, CCTV focused on interviewing the exposed face carving master "Yu Wen "Red" is a typical incident that requires high vigilance.

1. Second, the choice of plastic surgery depends on the history of the hospital

Generally, hospitals with a long history of opening are more reliable, because the medical cosmetology industry is a highly technical industry, and hospitals that can take root in a place for a long time require strong professional strength and a sound business philosophy. They generally pay attention to medical quality and surgery. Post maintenance and customer word of mouth.

1. Third, do not believe advertising word of mouth

Newspapers and the Internet form powerful advertisements, which makes it difficult for customers to choose. The strength of advertising is that hospitals have different business ideas and professional strength. Choosing a hospital with a good reputation is more reliable than choosing a hospital with more advertisements.

1. Choose a local or local hospital

This is a tangled issue for many customers. Suggestion: For the routine surgery items that many people often do, you should choose a local old-fashioned medical institution, just like the general surgery for appendicitis surgery in Beijing and Shanghai is not as good as the nearest treatment. Local hospitals with severe defects and deformities have fewer cases and are relatively inexperienced. They should consider the outstanding hospital treatment at the national level. They have more experience in this regard. For example: rare cases such as lack of ear reconstruction and total nose reconstruction, large specialized hospitals have advantages.

1. Fifth, the issues that should be paid attention to when choosing a plastic surgery hospital of the same scale

(1) Hospitals with a long history and good reputation are relatively reliable;

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4. How satisfied are you with the environment and management of the consulting unit, it must be a regular medical institution authorized by the state to carry out cosmetic surgery;

5. When you are not sure at first, it is best to choose a hospital or doctor that you are not optimistic about and practice first to accumulate experience in communicating with plastic surgery doctors. You can directly learn a lot of professional knowledge about the cosmetic surgery you need to improve, and communicate with doctors;

6. The doctor who is particularly good at the language should be alert (for example: in order to help you, he has given up many benefits, etc.);

7. Consultation is just the stage of understanding the surgical project and selecting the surgeon, so the consultation process should start with ease and end happily. Don't enter the negotiation stage at the beginning to form a psychological confrontation;

8. The consultation process is not only the process by which you choose a cosmetologist, but also the process by which a cosmetologist chooses a patient;

9. Everyone needs beauty, but not everyone is suitable for cosmetic surgery. If you are not suitable for cosmetic surgery, a good plastic surgeon will directly advise you;

10. Observe more when you come to the hospital for consultation. The doctor's level will not really be known from the doctor's mouth. But you can slowly feel from your consultation process, trust your instincts;

11. Find the opportunity to talk to other people who come to the clinic for consultations and visits to learn about the reputation of this hospital and doctors. If this behavior is prevented, whether it is euphemism or other forms, you need to be vigilant;

12. In order to explain your level of medical skills, some doctors will often show you photos of previous surgery. It should be noted at this time: the effect of the photo is not completely applicable to you. At the same time, if you see a complete picture of others, you should be vigilant, because your pictures will be published to others to watch;

13. If the plastic surgery doctor tells you that someone has achieved the effect after his cosmetic surgery, you must judge whether the person is a "medical care" by intuition;

14. Do not take photos during the first consultation, especially for private parts such as the chest and reproductive organs;

15. When it comes to privacy, young people should be accompanied by at least one parent, and adult women are best accompanied by a spouse or friend.

Integer variable

Integer variables have the same properties as integer constants, but integer variables can be reassigned.

As in a simple two-sentence program in C ++:

int a = 1;

a = 2;

The first sentence defines a as an integer variable, and its value is 1, and the second sentence assigns a to 2.

Plastic surgery

Plastic reality examples

On the morning of November 29, 2012, the reporter met the female college student named Xiaofang (pseudonym) in a beauty hospital. She wears sunglasses, a mask and a hat to cover up

Plastic surgery for college students

Your appearance. She said that there was a complete plastic surgery on November 20.

Xiao Mei originally thought that as long as her grades were good, she would find a good job, but she failed. Near graduation, Xiaomei went to a campus job fair and competed for a job with a girl who was inferior to herself but fuller than herself. Xiaomei was named Sun Shan, but the girl was accepted. Under such a blow, Xiao Mei's desire for plastic surgery is even stronger. The cost of plastic surgery is about 30,000 yuan, which is a lot of money for a senior student without financial income. Xiaomei worked part-time through part-time work, and borrowed money from relatives and friends, and finally made up the money.

After the operation, "I'm going to do sales-related work in the future. The communication ability and working ability may not be visible for a while, but the appearance can be seen by others immediately." Xiaomei said, she believe With the "career line" after this surgery, I will be more confident in future interviews and will definitely find a satisfactory job, so it's all worth it.

Shaping failure instance

1. Since May 2012, female graduate student Xiaole (pseudonym) has been injected by Dr. Wang in order to make her chin longer and sharper. Unknown drug. A large, hard mass formed on the chin. Grow with the surrounding tissue, and can only be forcibly separated with a scalpel.

2. When Li Bo was pushed into the operating room of a hospital in Changsha for the second time, his mother, Li Honghui, longed for it. After the operation was successful, Li Bo would be able to join the work smoothly, incurring the burden of supporting a family of five.

In the case of vomiting and diarrhea, Li Bo was declared dead after being rescued.

Social Inclusion

It is natural for students to improve their competitiveness through improving their own image. We should face the plastic surgery with a more inclusive and positive attitude.

Plastic matters needing attention

Newly graduated students are not yet mature in their minds, so graduates who want to undergo plastic surgery must consider the issue and take a positive attitude to address their external image issues.

Plastic surgery aesthetics

From the front, the contours of the two sides of the bridge of the nose are two symmetrical and perfect curves. The asymmetry of the sides of the bridge of the nose or the collapse of the bridge of the nose will make the features look very uncoordinated, lack of aesthetics, and the problem of deformity of the bridge of the nose is reflected in the following two aspects : Collapsed nose bridge, crooked nose bridge, etc. Among them, collapsed nose bridge is the most common in life.

The bridge of the nose is composed of cartilage on both sides of the nasal wing, which is connected to the back of the nose and the wings are on both sides. The distance from the bridge of the nose to the base of the wing is equivalent to the height of the bridge of the nose. Generally, the height of the bridge of the nose is equivalent to 1/2 of the length of the nose, 26 mm for men, 23 mm for women, and lower noses below 22 mm.

There are several classification methods for the bridge of the nose. Experts point out that before choosing rhinoplasty, the majority of beauty people must clearly know what surgical plan is suitable for them and choose a regular medical institution to avoid rhinoplasty failure as much as possible.

Plastic surgery related reports

It is reported on July 17, 2018 that the summer vacation is coming and the cosmetic industry has ushered in a "student wave". Female college students have borrowed 9 platforms to "finance loans with loans". ^[1]