What Is Knee Cartilage Regeneration?

Cartilage is cartilage tissue, which is composed of chondrocytes and intercellular substance.

Chinese name

Cartilage

Foreign name

cartilage

Pinyin

run g

Zhuyin

Can it be cancerous

No canceration

Make up

Cartilage tissue and surrounding cartilage

Growth mode

Inner product growth, extra growth

Related diseases

Vitamin D deficiency rickets

Cartilage composition

The matrix in the cartilage is in a gel state and has great toughness. Cartilage is connective tissue with a supporting role. Cartilage does not contain blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Nutrients penetrate into the interstitial cells from blood vessels in the perichondrium, and then nourish bone cells.

Cartilage classification

Classification: According to the different interstitial cells, cartilage can be divided into three types, namely hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.

1. The matrix of hyaline cartilage is composed of collagen fibers, fibrils, and surrounding amorphous matrix. There was a temporary scaffolding effect during the embryonic period, which was later replaced by bone. Adult hyaline cartilage is mainly distributed in the trachea and bronchi, the sternum end of the ribs, and the surface of the bone (articular cartilage).

2. In addition to collagen fibers, there are elastic fibers in the matrix of elastic cartilage. This kind of cartilage has greater elasticity and is mainly distributed in the auricle, external ear canal wall, eustachian tube, epiglottis, and throat.

3. Bundles of collagen fibers in the fibrocartilage matrix are arranged in parallel or cross, which is relatively tough. Distributed in the intervertebral discs, glenoids, articular discs and some tendons, ligaments, etc. to enhance the flexibility of movement and protection, support and other functions.

It is difficult to regenerate cartilage in young children, and adult cartilage can regenerate damaged cartilage. Articular cartilage at the end of the mandible and the sternum of the clavicle is also fibrocartilage; there are a large number of regularly arranged collagen fibers in the matrix. After adulthood, many cartilage gradually ossify and are replaced by bone tissue; in hyaline cartilage, articular cartilage and first costal cartilage remain unchanged for life.

Cartilage- related diseases and treatment

1. Skeletal osteochondrosis, also known as osteochondroma (ChondorarnlaoiPaetnae), is a common injury that mainly causes pain in the front of the knee. It has a high incidence and often has a significant impact on patients' exercise or work.

2. The articular cartilage tissue has no blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings. Why does pain occur after cartilage injury?

Scholars represented by Qu Mianyu believe that the pathological changes of skeletal osteochondrosis should be understood as a comprehensive lesion, including injuries and diseases of osteochondral cartilage and surrounding related tissues. It is believed that the symptoms of osteochondrosis are not only related to the late degenerative lesions of cartilage damage, but also closely related to the secondary lesions of other tissues.

Lin Gongzhou and other scholars have also confirmed in joint cartilage injury research that chronic synovitis changes often occur in patients with articular cartilage injury or degenerative changes, which are related to local autoimmune response induced by type 2 collagen in articular cartilage. These studies have explained the point of view of the pain caused by secondary inflammation of the injured tissue, but the cause of the pain of the bone itself has not been mentioned and revealed.

Scholars represented by the Xuanyuan people believe that there are no nerve endings in the cartilage tissue, even if the bone and joint cartilage defects are the most serious, at most, the mechanical factors that cause the joint space alignment due to the unevenness of the cartilage surface bring the function of the knee joint. Affect, but by no means pain. Therefore, Xuanshi believes that the pain and fatigue of the subskeletal fat pad is the primary cause of osteochondral cartilage disease, and the non-physiological stress of the osteoarticular cartilage surface caused by pain is the secondary cause of the disease. This is the view that the cartilage damage of the femoral joint itself is not painful.

According to scientific theory, we have realized that there is an organic connection between the local cartilage damage of carbon osteochondrosis and the venous sputum resistance, intraosseous pressure, and dysfunction of nutritional metabolism, which is the manifestation of epistemology of the overall view. Modern medicine has also proved this in the long-term understanding of this disease. Bone osteochondrosis caused by bone marrow venous reflux disorders, ringworm resistance, increased intraosseous pressure, inevitably stimulates blood vessel nerve endings and receptors distributed in bone tissue and produces pain. This is the root cause of the pain mechanism of osteochondrosis. In addition, re-sensing the cold and dampness of the knee joint can aggravate the venous resistance and pathological process of the bone, and make the pain worse.

Cartilage hypophosphate cartilage disease

1. Hypophosphatemiaosteomalacia (HO) is a clinically rare disease that is easily misdiagnosed.

2. The most common symptoms of low-phosphochondrosis are bone pain, back and leg pain, followed by progressive muscle weakness, difficulty walking in severe cases, and even being bedridden. Extremities long bones, ribs, pelvis and spine are prone to pathological fractures, deformities and muscle atrophy. Lumbar and leg pain is the most common symptom in the early stage, and it is presumed to be caused by lumbar spine lesions. Low-phosphor chondropathy has a low incidence, lacks specific symptoms, and early diagnosis is difficult. Therefore, it is very easy to misdiagnose clinically. It is often misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation, intercostal neuralgia, patella sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The diagnosis can only be confirmed after testing the bone metabolism indicators.

3. Etiology, common causes of hypophosphatemosis in adults are: diet: low-phosphorus diet, non-absorbed antacids; renal tubular phosphate reabsorption disorders. Hereditary people include: sexually linked hypophosphatemia, adult-onset VD-resistant hypophosphatemia osteomalacia, hereditary hypophosphatemia with hypercalciuria, autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia or osteomalacia . Sporadic cases include: sporadic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (phosphate polyuria), pseudotumor rickets, neurofibromatosis, fibrous dysplasia, McCuneAlbright syndrome, etc. rickets or osteomalacia caused by tumor. Fanconi syndrome (extensive tubular disorder) and so on.

Early diagnosis, timely surgery and reasonable treatment are the keys to improving the prognosis of low-phosphate chondropathy and improving the survival rate of patients. Orthopedics and rheumatologists need to raise awareness of the disease.