What are extreme?
Extreme is any microbe that thrives in extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, salinity or concentration of enemy chemicals. Many extremophiles belong to Kingdom Archaea, also known as archebacteria, and the most famous archebacteria are extremophilo. In addition to the Kingdom of Archaea, there are also extreme found; For example, there are bacteria and eukaryotic prokaryotes that are extrophils, as well as the species of worms, crustaceans and krill. Some extremophiles may fit in more than one category:
- Acidophil: an organism with optimal pH level at or below PH 3.
- alkaliphile: organism with optimal growth at pH 9 or higher levels.
- endolite: an organism that lives inside rocks.
- halofil: an organism requiring at least 2 m NaCl for growth.
- Hypertermophile: an organism that can prosper at temperatures between 80-110 ° C (176-230 ° F).
- Hypolit: an inorganism that lives inside rocks in cold deserts.
- Metalotolerant: capable toleRemove high levels of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, arsenic and zinc.
- oligotrops: an organism capable of growing a nutritionally limited environment.
- Piezophile: an organism that lives optimally at high hydrostatic pressure.
- polyExtremophil: an organism that can survive different extreme conditions.
- Psychrophile: an organism that can prosper at 15 ° C (59 ° F) or lower.
- Radioresistant: resistant to high levels of ionizing radiation.
- Thermophile: an organism that can prosper at temperatures between 60-80 ° C (140-176 ° F).
- xerophil: an organism that can grow in low water environments.
Pompejský worm, extreme, lives on the floor of the ocean grouped next to the hydrothermal holes. Living at temperatures up to 176 ° F (80 ° C), these animovals are the most tolerant of science and are not unicellular. Because they live in such isolated areas,Many extremekopiles were not discovered until the age of 70.
Perhaps the most memorable example of the extremophile is the bacteria, Streptococcus mitis , which was found built into the camera of the Lunar Inspector 3 Astronauts Apollo 12. These bacteria survived on the surface of the month for three years. Scientists sometimes study extremophiles as potential models of what life might look like or how it would work in other worlds.