What is Phylloxera?
grape phylloxer, dactulosphaira vitifoiae is the type of insects related to the aphid. Insects are very worried about the grape growers, because the pest can absorb the roots and leaves of the vine. In the 19th century, the insects were almost destroyed for centuries -old French wine industry, known as a great French mold.
Phylloxera is a small creature with greenish color. Interestingly, some generations of insects are born with wings, while others don't. It is assumed that a generation without a wing feeds on the roots of grape grapes, causing irreparable damage and eventually killing the vines. Insects are notoriously shadowed because at a time when the root damage is discovered, the creatures of the creatures have moved to a completely different place. Unfortunately, this meant that the cause of the great French wine was unknown for several years, because the insects could not be associated with the dying wine vine.
The grave phylloxer is considered a northern American origin and is usually not fatal for the North American varieties of grapes. PRThe signs of the destructive potential of the creatures came in the 16th century, when French settlers in the Florida region in North America tried to plant European grapes for cultivation. Year after year, wine mysteriously died. Originally insects were limited to the eastern and southern regions of America, but slowly spread to the west. Until 1870. The 20th century. Century grew in California, but over this decade it reached the phylox into the area and caused almost complete destruction of the crop.
Sometime in the 19th century, the insects were transported to Europe through boat routes. Most experts believe that they first arrived in the mid -sixties, when the new steam ships technology allowed the Atlantic crossing to survive insects. Almost immediately, Phylloxera began to take tax on French wines. Vines would suddenly turn yellow, then reddish and died. Only in 1868, when the plague was already taking place, was Phylloxera identified as a cause.
at the beginning of the 1970s. The 20th century wasInvented by the ingenious solution by several independent vitikultures. By grafting European vineyards on a resistant North American rootstock, the resulting hybrids could successfully survive the attacks. Before the grafting processes were completed, France lost almost two thirds of its insect vines.
In the 1970s and 80s. While this hybrid was to fight serious fungal problems common in some grapes, unfortunately it was not resistant to attacking insects. It is assumed that millions and possible billions of US dollars have been lost in the resulting phyloxer destruction. Since 2008, planting efforts to replace the vineyards Axr1 are still not complete.
Today, most grapes of grapes are made of roots resistant to phylloxer. The insects themselves remain a dangerous threat to any monstered or unprotected vines. Since most of the continents of cultivation H have spreadThe distinctions remain capable and ready to intervene any vulnerable vineyards.