What are adenosine receptors?

Adenosine receptors are metabotropic receptors for neurotransmitter adenosine. Three adenosine receptors, marked A1 - A3, were identified, and all of them are proteins that work for identification and binding with adenosine. The receptor for the neurotransmitter adenosine is the P1 receptor because it is purinergic, which means it contains a purine ring.

receptors are proteins that spread along the neuron membrane. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors and then open or close specific ion channels. However, metabotropic receptors do not have ion channels, so the flow of ions in such receptors depends on one or numerous metabolic step. For this reason, metabotropic receptors such as adenosine receptors are often referred to as G protein receptors. This is because medium molecules called G proteins are activated when the ion channels associated with the receptor open and close.

Adenosine receptors have key features that are sharedny wjiné receptors associated with G protein. These include seven membrane segments that extend through the neuron and intracellular loop, which is what pairs to G protein. G protein and receptor can only be connected to the neurotransmitter binding.

The three subunits consist of G proteins G. These include alpha, beta and gamma subunit. These three subunits are tied when the alpha subunit is associated with guanin nucleotide known as guanosin-5'-diposphate (GDP).

Adenosine differs from other neurotransmitters because it is not stored in vesicles. Rather, it is produced when adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-dihosphate (ADP) disintegrate. When the neurotransmitter adenosine binds to adenosine receptors, the effect is replacing GDP Guanin nucleotide known as Guanosin-5'-Triffate (GTP) on the alpha subunit. As a result, the alpha TPPHA separates from the Beta and Gama subunits and createsRate a number of metabolic or biochemical processes.

Each separate subunit has the ability to bind to molecules such as enzymes. When enzymes are activated, secondary messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) are generated. Adenosine receptors transform CAMP, which then stimulates enzymes and determines whether the ion channels are open or closed. These metabolic steps affect the tide or eflux or ions in the receptor.

Adenosine transmission is important for many body functions. It affects the defense of neurons from oxidative stress and increases the amount of blood flow to the heart muscles. He is also responsible for ending epileptic activity seizures. During the seizure, adenosine steam on G proteins, resulting in opening potassium channels and closure of calcium channels. As a result, the seizures are terminated.