What Are Intravenous Fluids?

Intravenous infusion is a method of injecting a large amount of sterile liquids, electrolytes, and drugs into the body by using the principles of atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure.

Intravenous infusion

Intravenous infusion is a method of injecting a large amount of sterile liquids, electrolytes, and drugs into the body by using the principles of atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure.

Injecting a large amount of liquid, electrolyte or blood into a vein is called an intravenous infusion method. Depending on the injection site and the infusion, it can be divided into peripheral intravenous infusion, central intravenous infusion, and high nutrition infusion (

Intravenous treatment like modernity originated in the 19th century, and the 19th century was the century of great medical development. The first great achievement was in 1818, when James Blundell performed the first human-to-human blood transfusion in London. In 1834, Blundell re-transmitted blood from person to person. The recipient of the blood transfusion was a woman who was dying due to bleeding. Therefore, Blundell further believed that the blood loss caused by bleeding was related to low blood volume.

Happened in Scotland in 1831

1. It is easy to achieve the effective concentration of the drug, and it can continuously maintain the constant concentration required for the effective effect.

1. Improper handling is prone to systemic or local infections.

2. Overdose or drip infusion too fast, it is easy to produce adverse reactions and even endanger life.

3. Sustained excessive infusion can easily cause circulatory overload or electrolyte imbalance.

4. Increase in iatrogenic diseases.

Intravenous infusion is a routine nursing technique operation that clinical nurses must master.

Closed infusion

The closed infusion method uses the original closed bottle infusion method for infusion, which is easy to operate and has little chance of contamination, and is widely used in clinical practice.

Open infusion

Open infusion method This method can flexibly change the type and quantity of infusion, and add various drugs at any time as needed. Critical rescue, surgical patients and sick children often use this method, but it is easy to contaminate, so it should be strictly implemented aseptic technical operation requirements.

Venous indwelling needle

(1) Strictly implement the "three investigations and seven pairs" system to prevent errors.

(2) Strictly implement aseptic operation to prevent complications. The infusion set and medicine should be absolutely sterile, and the infusion set should be replaced after continuous infusion for more than 24 hours.

(3) Prevent air embolism. During the infusion, the internal air must be exhausted to prevent the liquid from flowing out; the infusion bottle and the medicinal solution should be replaced in time, and the needle should be pulled out immediately after the infusion.

(4) Pay attention to the situation of infusion. Whether the needle slipped, whether there was local swelling, and whether there was an infusion reaction.

(5) Pay attention to the contraindication of drug compatibility. Antibiotics should be prepared and used immediately; Penicillin G sodium (potassium) salt combined with tetracycline and erythromycin can cause precipitation, turbidity, discoloration, and reduced titer. Tetracycline and vitamin C should be dissolved and diluted before infusion Then add vitamin C.

(6) Pay attention to protecting blood vessels. For long-term infusion, take:

The veins of the limbs start from the distal small veins, and the hands and feet alternate.

Master the three links when puncturing; choose the vein accurately; puncture stable; fix the needle firmly to improve the success rate of puncture.

Drugs that are highly irritating to blood vessels, such as erythromycin, should be added after the puncture is successful, and should be fully diluted, and a certain amount of isotonic solution should be input after the infusion to protect the vein.

For patients who need to strictly control the drip rate, the use of infusion pumps is a major advance in safe infusion and can be divided into two types; portable or semi-portable. It is suitable for families, pediatrics and chemotherapy patients, etc. This is the type with a pump syringe. Fixed infusion pump. At present, the third-generation computer-controlled catheter squeezes a fixed volume infusion pump. There is a multifunctional monitoring and monitoring system, which is large in size and suitable for hospitals. The infusion volume range is 1-499ml / hour, and there is an automatic alarm device.

Indications for the use of infusion pumps; intravenous high nutrition, input of chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics, and drugs with special effects on cardiovascular, etc., for intensive care patients, especially pediatric care patients. If the above equipment is not available, a sterile needle can be inserted into the dropper to adjust the drip rate.