What Are the Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?

Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain eukaryotic cells (nucleus surrounded by nuclear membranes). It has more than one chromosome and is capable of mitosis. Can also perform protoplasm flow and deformation movement. Photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are performed by chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively. Except for bacteria and cyanobacteria, all animal cells and plant cells belong to eukaryotic cells. Organisms composed of eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes. Primitive eukaryotic cells appeared about 1.2 to 1.6 billion years ago, and there are many existing species. Some eukaryotic cells are extremely primitive, such as the dinoflagellate (Dinoflagellate). Eukaryotes include a large number of single-celled organisms or protozoa. Cell biology. Any organic composition of eukaryotic cells is collectively referred to as eukaryotes.

A eukaryotic cell refers to a cell having a true nuclei enveloped by a nuclear membrane. These nuclei contain chromatin, nuclear fluid, and nucleoli. The entire nucleus consists of nucleic acids, histones, acidic proteins and enzymes, and its function is to replicate DNA or transcriptional RNA. There are 80S ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, and messenger ribonucleic acid is translated here to synthesize proteins. There are other organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, and lysosomes, which also carry out metabolic activities. The cytoplasm is surrounded by a plasma membrane. During mitosis or meiosis, the nuclear membrane ruptures and the nucleoli disappears. At the same time, spindles and centrosomes are present, and chromatin condenses into multiple chromosomes, which are evenly divided into two daughter nuclei.
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In August 2018, the research team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with a number of domestic institutions to artificially create single-chromosome eukaryotic cells for the first time in the world, achieving a major milestone in the field of synthetic biology. This result was published in the international authoritative academic journal Nature on August 2, 2018.

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