What Are the Muscles of the Tongue?

The tongue muscle belongs to the striated muscle and is the main component of the tongue. The deformation of the tongue and the change of its position are all accomplished by the contraction and contraction of the tongue muscle.

The tongue muscle belongs to the striated muscle and is the main component of the tongue. The deformation of the tongue and the change of its position are all accomplished by the contraction and contraction of the tongue muscle.

Chinese name

Tongue muscle

Foreign name

Tongue muscles

Tongue muscle anatomy

The tongue muscle can be divided into two groups: inside and outside.

1. The outer group starts from some parts other than the tongue and stops inside the tongue. It is called the external lingual muscle. There are: the genioglossus muscle, which starts from the middle of the lower jaw and the medial superior iliac spine, and the lower fiber is attached to the upper part of the hyoid bone. The upper fiber is distributed in the tongue and is dominated by the hypoglossal nerve, which stretches the tongue forward. Hyoid hyoid muscle, starting from the lateral part of the hyoid bone and the large angle, is distributed straight up to the lateral side of the tongue, innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, and acts to pull the tongue downward. The styloid tongue muscle, which starts from the anterior and lateral side of the styloid process of the temporal bone, is divided into two bundles, one transverse to the back of the tongue, and one oblique downward to intersect with the hyoid hyoid muscle fibers, which are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve and function to pull the tongue upward and backward. The small-angle hyoid muscle starts from the small angle of the hyoid bone and is scattered in the tongue. It is dominated by the hypoglossal nerve and acts to pull the tongue up and down.

2. The inner group refers to those whose starting and stopping points are in the tongue, called intralingual muscles. The intralingual muscles are mainly composed of three kinds of mutually perpendicular muscle bundles intertwined and combined in the tongue. All the tongue muscles that make up the tongue are divided into two parts symmetrical by the tongue septum. Therefore, the tongue muscles are the same muscle groups on both sides and paired left and right. There are: longitudinal longitudinal muscle, sublingual longitudinal muscle, transverse tongue, and vertical tongue muscle, whose fibers are intertwined with the muscle fibers from the mandible, hyoid bone, styloid process, etc., and are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, which acts to change the tongue shape.

Tongue muscle auxiliary structure

1. Anatomy of the lingual artery Origin, travel and segmentation of the lingual artery. The first segment: the initial segment, the starting point of the lingual artery to the posterior margin of the hyoid hyoid muscle; the second segment: the lingual artery is on the deep side of the hyoid hyoid muscle; the third segment: the ascending segment of the deep tongue artery; the fourth segment: end The last segment, the horizontal segment of the deep tongue artery. The distance from the lingual artery to the blind hole of the tongue and the anatomical landmark on the tongue surface 1cm in front and back, and the distance from the lingual artery to the hyoid bone, the medial edge of the mandible, the lateral edge of the tongue and the midline of the tongue.

2. Anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve and its relationship with the lingual artery Sublingual nerve walking and segmentation. Stage 1: The hypoglossal nerve crosses the external carotid artery as the starting point of measurement to the posterior margin of the hyoid hyoid muscle; Stage 2: The hyoid hyoid muscle surface walks; Stage 3: The anterior edge of the hyoid hyoid muscle and the lateral side of the genioglossus enter Internal tongue muscle. The distance from the hypoglossal nerve to the blind hole of the tongue and the anatomical landmarks of the tongue surface 1cm before and after, and the distance from the hypoglossal nerve to the hyoid bone, the medial edge of the mandible, the lateral edge of the tongue and the midline of the tongue.

Tongue muscle related diseases and techniques

1. Tongue cancer is most common in oral malignant tumors. Tongue cancer patients will have different effects on tongue function according to different surgical methods. In severe cases, it can lead to dysphonia and loss of taste.

2. Tongue body cancer occurs frequently at the edge of the tongue. It is mainly due to long-term inflammation or ulcers of the tongue body, which prolong the stimulation of the tongue mucosa and lead to canceration. Especially if there are long-term chronic stimulating factors near the tongue, such as bad metal dentures are not repaired in time, residual mechanical damage to the tongue mucosa caused by repeated mechanical stimulation of the residual roots, residual crowns and sharp crowns can induce tongue cancer. It has been reported in the literature that about three-quarters of tongue cancers occur in the front two-thirds of the tongue, and the one-third side of the tongue is the best location, accounting for about 70% of tongue cancers.

3. Tongue cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis

Due to the characteristics of the tongue muscle tissue structure, tongue cancer often spreads deep along the tongue muscle fiber bundle, tissue space, and blood vessel space, or metastasizes along the lymphatic tract to the submandibular or cervical lymph nodes. It often metastasizes early and easily affects surrounding neighboring structures. Studies have shown that tongue cancer with a large volume and a wide range has a higher risk of recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Among the tumor invasion sites, invasion of the midline, the floor of the mouth and the root of the tongue has a poor prognosis, and it is related to tumor recurrence and lymph node Transfer is closely related.

4. The choice of different surgical methods for tongue cancer occurrence sites is also different. Therefore, accurate MRI localization and clear infiltration range before surgery are important for surgical choice and to keep the basic pronunciation and swallowing function of the tongue as far as possible. MRI can accurately provide the location of tongue cancer, the size and extent of lesions, and the lymph node metastasis. Tongue cancer has certain anatomical and imaging characteristics at the onset site, tumor signal and surrounding tissue invasion. A thorough understanding of tongue cancer image anatomy will help to understand the mechanism of tongue cancer and the surrounding invasion methods, and further deepen Recognition of its MRI signs.