What is a coagulation cascade?
coagulation cascade is the process that the body forms a blood clot to prevent excessive blood loss. Coagulation begins with the outer track that activates the clotting due to tissue damage or inner way, which forms clots in response to abnormalities in the wall of blood vessels in the absence of tissue damage. The outer and inner roads begin differently and then progress to the combined path. Both ways depend on several collision factors, which are represented by Roman numerals despite XIII. These clotting factors are present in the body in inactive forms until they are activated during the coagulation cascade.
The outer road is the most common and most famous of the two roads of the coagulation cascade. When tissue damage, such as cut or bruise, causes bleeding, injured blood vessels reduce. Then glycoprotein called the tissue factor or the III factor is released from the damaged tissue. The protein in the blood -called factor VII is bound to the tissue factor and this binding activates the VII factor and converts it to factor VIIA. FAThe VIIA then breaks down the factor of the X -circulating factor to form a factor XA. From now on, the outer and inner paths are the same and are known as the combined path.
The inner path of the coagulation cascade begins when blood comes into contact with collagen in the damaged wall of the blood vessel. This causes the XII factor, the Hageman factor, to convert it into its active form, the XIIA factor. Factor XIIA converts factor XI to factor XIA, which converts the IX factor into a factor IXA. Hemophilia B is a genetic bleeding disorder characterized by a lack of factor IX. The IXA factor converts the X factor to the XA factor; This is the point in which the inner path connects to the combined path.
In the combined Pathway, the XA factor activates factor II or protrombin to shape the IIA or thrombin factor. Trombin activates platelets and causes them to collect in the affected area and create a plug of plates. A substance called von WillBrand Factor (VWF) allows the plates to hold the injured place. VWF deficiency causes von Willebrand's disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder.
thrombin cleaves fibrinogen molecules or factor molecules even to form a fibrous protein called fibrin or IA factor. Fibrin forms a net that catches the plug of plates and forms a clot. Thrombin also continuously converts the factors in and VIII to their activated forms, which maintains a coagulation cascade running and speeds up the process. Hemophilia A, the most common type of haemophilia, is genetic bleeding disease characterized by a lack of factor VIII.
A key part of the coagulation cascade is the dissolution of the clot after no longer needed. After the inurs, the walls of the blood vessels release the inactive tissue activator of the plasminogen (TPA). TPA comes into contact with fibrin in the clot and becomes active. Active TPA activates a substance called Plasminogen, which is already present inside the clot. Plasminogen turns into a plasmin that dissolvestie a clot.
If the person bleeds excessively, doctors can perform blood tests that control coagulation factors and detect bleeding disorders such as von Will or haemophilia. Conditions such as liver and leukemia can also interfere with the coagulation cascade and cause excessive bleeding or bruises, so the person who develops these symptoms should see a doctor. The infection that achieves blood can cause a condition known as sepsis, leading to uncontrolled activation of the coagulation cascade throughout the body and is the most common cause of death in patients with non -cardiacation. The coagulation cascade is a complicated system and every persistence he depends on its proper function.