What Is Non-Coding RNA?

Non-coding RNA refers to RNA that does not encode proteins. These include rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, and microRNA, and other RNAs with known functions, as well as RNAs with unknown functions. The common feature of these RNAs is that they can be transcribed from the genome, but without translation into proteins, they can exercise their biological functions at the RNA level. Non-coding RNA can be divided into three categories based on length: less than 50 nt, including microRNA, siRNA, piRNA; 50 nt to 500 nt, including rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, SLRNA, SRPRNA, etc .; greater than 500 nt, including Long mRNA-like non-coding RNA, long non-coding RNA without polyA tail, etc.

Non-coding RNA

Right!

Non-coding RNA refers to RNA that does not encode proteins. These include rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, and microRNA, and other RNAs with known functions, as well as RNAs with unknown functions. The common feature of these RNAs is that they can be transcribed from the genome, but without translation into proteins, they can exercise their biological functions at the RNA level. Non-coding RNA can be divided into three categories based on length: less than 50 nt, including microRNA, siRNA,

The highest levels in cells are two common non-coding RNAs, rRNA and tRNA. In the broad sense, non-coding RNA includes these two types of RNA, and the research is thorough. Non-coding RNA in the narrow sense often does not include rRNA and tRNA, so it will not be introduced here. The types of non-coding RNA introduced here are the definitions of non-coding RNA in a narrow sense, that is, other RNA molecules that do not include mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. Here, we mainly introduce snRNA, snoRNA, and microRNA, which are relatively high expression levels.

snRNA

snRNA is short for small nuclear RNA, also known as

The work of non-coding RNA is mainly divided into two aspects, one is to identify new non-coding RNA on a large scale, and the other is to study the function of non-coding RNA through various methods. Methods for large-scale identification of non-coding RNA can be divided into two types: theoretical prediction and experimental discovery. The former mainly uses computers to extract feature information from existing non-coding RNA, and then uses the feature information to complete the feature information.

A large amount of research data shows that more than half of the DNA of higher organisms is transcribed into RNA, the vast majority of which are ncRNA. Moreover, some scientists predict that ncRNA plays an important role in protein development in the process of biological development. However, little is known about the entire world of ncRNAs today, and the main task is to discover more ncRNAs and their biological functions. There is no doubt that to understand the biological function of ncRNA, it is to understand the function of all proteins and all ncRNAs and the interactions between them and DNA in each cell type at a specific time. The research has a long way to go, far more difficult than the genome project. Therefore, to thoroughly understand the regulatory network of ncRNA will be the ultimate breakthrough to reveal the mysteries of life.