What is peptide biosynthesis?

amino acids are building blocks of proteins, macromolecules called polypeptides that have different functions in the human body in the form of hormones, antibodies and enzymes. Some proteins are structural including bonds, hair and nails. Peptide biosynthesis, also called protein or peptide synthesis, concerns the sequence of processes by which amino acids are linked by the formation of chemical bonds called peptide bond, which eventually develops into polypeptide. Once the protein is synthesized, it is considered to be an expressed gene for this particular type of protein, since each cell has a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genetic information necessary for the production of all proteins required by the body. The gene expression, which was caused by a comprehensive series of events, involves the use of tinformation contained in the sequence of DNA for specification of instructions for peptide biosynthesis. The proteins produced affect the phenotype that can easily be observed by physical features or introduced as fine chemical changes. The flow of information moves from bottom to acidsy ribonucle (RNA) and finally to protein.

Transcription is the first phase of gene expression that performs the synthesis of RNA molecules, which is complementary to DNA. The synthesis of RNA is determined by DNA template through base pairing, so always couples with U and G always pairs with C. A, U, G and C represent the nucleotide base of Adenin, Uracil, Guanin and Cytosine. This phase is held inside the cell nucleus and is referred to as transcription because it solves the problem of using DNA information and transcription is to another type of nucleic acid, Messenger RNA (MRNA).

The basic event of peptide biosynthesis and the second step of gene expression is the translation, the process in which MRNA is used as a coded message to direct peptide biosynthesis. In the cytoplasm of the cell there is a translation in several steps: start, extension and end. Rewritten information is used to determine the amino acid sequencing of polypeptide. Used to still da isLouder type of ribonucleic acid, referred to as RNA transfer (thorn), necessary to move amino acids to ribosomes in their coded order. Three consecutive nucleotide bases referred to as codons in MRNA determine one type of amino acid and are called a triplet code. Uga, UAA and UAGs are just end codes. All codons and instructions together include a genetic code.