What is centrosome?

Centrosome is a cellular structure involved in a cell cycle, a number of events that lead to cell division. This structure, which is present only in animal cells, regulates the cell cycle, but is not necessary for its completion. Centrosome is also known as a microtubular organizational center of the cell, because the structures of cell division called microtubules are formed nearby.

Centrosom is located next to the cell nucleus and is connected to it. Centrosome contains a few organelles called Centrioles. Both centriols are found perpendicular to each other. Each centriol is composed of nine clusters of three molten microtubules that are arranged in a circle formation. Microtubules are cylindrical structures that are involved in many cellular processes including movement and transport in the cell.

Centrosomes help to regulate mitosis, a process by which one cell is divided into two identical copies of the original. There are four phase -cell cycle. In the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for the replication of Chromozohim. DNA is replicated in the S-phase. In G2, other preparations are performed for the last phase called the M-phase in which mitosis occurs. This produces two centralosomes, each of which has a few centriols. Both centralosomes move at the opposite ends of the cell.

Each of the centrosomes changes its appearance into a structure called spindle. The spindle helps two pairs of newly replicated chromosomes from the core separately to individual couples, with a couple of chromosome associated with one of the spindles. Each centrosome and associated spindle creates the nucleus of one of the new pairs of cells that are the result of cellular division. This ensures that every new cell has a required 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Centrosomes have several other functions in the cell cycle. In some types of immature neurons, the location of the centrosomes in the cells is a point where the axon or nerve fibers of the cell begins to grow. This directional growth is also regulated by micrBarly.

Another function for centrosome is the organization of cellular structure called primary cilium. This structure is present on the surface of almost every cell of the vertebrate organism and is rooted in one of the cells. The primary cilia acts as sensory receptors for many cell types. In the epithelial kidney cells, they help regulate the fluid flow by the organ. In the olfactory neurons, the receptors of primary cilia are detected, and in the eye the rods detecting light from these structures are partially formed.