What Is the Immunoglobulin Light Chain?

This week's protein is a light chain monomer or dimer of an immunoglobulin, which belongs to incomplete antibody globulins. It is divided into type and type, and its molecular weight is 22000 and 44000, respectively. There is an M-zone at a certain location between the zones, and it is mostly located between the -zone and the - zone. Easily excreted from the kidney called light chain urine. It can be filtered out through the glomerular filtration membrane. If the amount exceeds the limit that the proximal tubule can absorb, it is excreted from the urine, and the excretion rate in the urine is more than albumin. Renal tubules have reabsorption and dissimilation effects on this week's proteins. When excreted by the kidney, it can inhibit the reabsorption of other protein components by the renal tubules, and can damage the proximal and distal curved tubules, resulting in renal dysfunction and the formation of proteinuria At the same time albumin and other protein components are excreted. This week, the protein can be coagulated when heated to 40-60 ° C, and can be redissolved when the temperature rises to 90-100 ° C, so it is also called coagulated protein.

This week's protein is a light chain monomer or dimer of an immunoglobulin, which belongs to incomplete antibody globulins. It is divided into type and type, and its molecular weight is 22000 and 44000, respectively. There is an M-zone at a certain location between the zones, and it is mostly located between the -zone and the - zone. Easily excreted from the kidney called light chain urine. It can be filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane. If the amount exceeds the limit that the proximal tubule can absorb, it is excreted from the urine, and the excretion rate in the urine is more than albumin. Renal tubules have reabsorption and dissimilation effects on this week's proteins. When excreted by the kidney, it can inhibit the reabsorption of other protein components by the renal tubules, and can damage the proximal and distal curved tubules, resulting in renal dysfunction and the formation of proteinuria. At the same time albumin and other protein components are excreted. This week, the protein can be coagulated when heated to 40-60 ° C, and can be redissolved when the temperature rises to 90-100 ° C, so it is also called coagulated protein.

Name: Immunoglobulin light chain

category: Immunology

Normal immunoglobulin light chain

Qualitative urine protein test this week: negative (heat coagulation method or toluenesulfonic acid method).

Clinical significance of immunoglobulin light chain

Abnormal results: (1) Multiple myeloma: It is a tumorous disease caused by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. The abnormal plasma cells (myeloma cells) in the process of making immunoglobulins produce excessive light chains and It is excreted from the cells before being assembled with the heavy chain, and is excreted from the kidneys into the urine through blood circulation. About 35% -65% of the cases were positive for proteinuria this week, but the daily excretion is very different. 1g to tens of grams, up to 90g, sometimes qualitative tests are intermittently positive, so a negative test can not rule out the disease. (2) Fahrenheit macroglobulinemia: It is a plasma cell malignant proliferative disease. Significant increase in serum IgM is an important feature of the disease. About 20% of patients can have protein of the week in their urine. (3) Other diseases: such as amyloidosis, malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, metastases, chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, kidney cancer and other patients. This week's protein is also occasionally seen, which may be related to the presence of immunoglobulin fragments in urine. related. People to be examined: Cancer patients need to be examined to obtain specific levels of patients.

Precautions for immunoglobulin light chains

Preparation before inspection: 1. Do not drink a lot of water after dinner. Use urine for the first time the next morning. 2. The urine specimen should be the purest in the middle section. Requirements during the inspection: 1. Urine inspection must be carried out in a clean container and fresh urine should be inspected in time. 2. Avoid the menstrual period to arrange this inspection. Unsuitable people: 1. There are no unsuitable people.

Immunoglobulin light chain inspection process

This inspection was performed using the turbidimetric method. The immunoturbidimetric detection method uses a substance to be detected as an antigen, and then prepares corresponding antibodies by immunizing animals. The specific binding reaction of the antigen and antibody is used to quantify the substance to be detected. Automatic coagulometers often use immunoturbidimetry. Immunoturbidimetric method can be further divided into direct turbidity analysis and latex turbidimetric analysis.