What Is the Lateral Lemniscus?

Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible fungus that occurs widely in the dry leaves of broad-leaved trees in autumn, winter, and spring, is one of the main artificially cultivated edible fungi in the world. The side ear contains 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body. It can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of backache and leg pain, numbness of hands, feet and muscles.

Pleurotus is rich in nutrients, containing 19.5g of crude protein (11g of pure protein), 3.8g of crude fat, 50.2g of carbohydrates, 6.2g of crude fiber, and calcium, phosphorus, iron and other mineral elements and vitamin B1 per 100g of dried mushrooms. B2, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and so on.

The pleurum contains 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body, namely isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, and methionine. It is also rich in vitamins B1, B2 and PP, and also contains oxalic acid. The anti-cancer test showed that the fruit body water extract had a 75% inhibition rate on mouse sarcoma 180 and an 60% inhibition rate on Ehrlich cancer. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to treat backache and leg pain, numbness of hands and feet, and discomfort in the muscles.

In addition to a large number of artificially cultivated fruiting bodies, the mycelia can also be used for deep fermentation culture.

Pleurotus abalonus Han, KM Chen et S. Cheng, abalone mushrooms (abalone mushroom, Taiwan oyster mushroom, high-temperature oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus), born on broad-leaved tree trunks such as ficus in summer. Distributed in Sichuan, Taiwan, Fujian, and Guangdong. edible. ^[1]

In winter and spring, the broad-leaved tree rot forest was covered with shingles.

Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated with sections or branches suitable for broad-leaved trees, such as cedar sinensis, Japanese alder (Alnus japonica), and poplar (Populus spp.). However, more bag cultivation is promoted (referred to as "bag planting"). The culture material can be cotton husk, wheat straw, straw, wood chips, bagasse, corn cob, etc. In countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany, wheat straw is used as the raw material, and the complete set of equipment is used to complete the raw material crushing, temperature adjustment, short-time heating and sterilization (80-100 ° C), cooling, inoculation and other operations. Bag planting or box planting are used for large-scale factories Cultivation is effective. In China, cottonseed husks, straw, bagasse, etc. are used as culture materials, without being sterilized. Raw materials are used for indoor bed planting or outdoor planting. When the spring and autumn temperatures are suitable, prepare a fungal bed, sow seeds by mixed seeding, layer seeding, hole seeding, etc., and cover it with plastic film to keep it warm. After 15-20 days, the white mycelium can cover the bed. At this time, the film should be removed, ventilation and light transmission should be enhanced, and water spray should be used to moisturize. After sowing, after 30-40 days of management, harvesting can begin.

Distribution in China: Distribution in China

Edible and delicious, artificial cultivation is very common now, and it is one of the important cultivated fungi. This fungus belongs to the important wood rot fungus, which makes the infiltrated wood part form silk flakes and white decay.

Economic value

Pleurotus fungi are easy to cultivate and have large yields. They are important edible and medicinal economic fungi. It is understood that the production of Pleurotus edible mushrooms accounts for about 1/4 of the world's total mushroom production. The main cultivated species are: Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus ostreatus; P. pul-monarius; P. pul-monarius; P. ^[1] citrinopileatus; P. cystidiosus; P. flabellatus; Pleurotus p. Fertile Pleurotus P. eryngii var. Ferulae and others. In recent years, some new cultivated species have been introduced from abroad, such as Pleurotus ostreatus P. djamor, Pleurotus eryngii P. eryngii, P. florida, etc. ^[1]

Pleurotus fungus is easy to cultivate because it belongs to wood rot fungi, and has a long cultivation history in China and Southeast Asian countries. Pleurotus fungi are rich in nutrients such as protein, essential amino acids, K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and other trace elements, organic acids, fats and fatty acids, sugars and complex and diverse aromas ingredient. Studies have proved that the medicinal value of Pleurotus fungi is also very high. For example, the fungus-shaped lateral ear water extract significantly reduces blood pressure in rats after intravenous infusion; Pleurotus ostreatus not only can reduce blood lipids and cholesterol, but also its polysaccharides have antitumor activity. The tumor-inhibiting rate of mouse transplantation was 67%; the pleurotus ostreatus and gold-parietal ear also had OH-free radical scavenging activity. ^[1]

Protomorphology

The cap is succulent, 5-20cm wide. Flat hemispherical, flat back, with trailing edges, fan-shaped, kidney-shaped, concave in the middle, covered with water stains, ciliated, purple at first, followed by lead gray, off-white, or stained white; cap margins are rolled in at first After flattening. The flesh is thick, white, delicious, with a clear aroma, and the pleats are spreading, intertwined or formed into vertical stripes on the handle, slightly dense to thin, white. Stipes lateral, short, usually 1-2 cm long, or sessile, white, medium solid, with short white fluff at the base. The spores were smooth, colorless, nearly cylindrical, (7.5-11) m × (3-4) m. Spore prints are white.

Pleurotus traits

Identification of the traits. The cover is flat hemispherical, or flat, with a trailing edge, 5-20cm in diameter, off-white, off-white, or turquoise, with fine hairs on the surface. The fungus is thick and white. The fungus folds are white, and there are reticular stripes at the junction with the fungus stalk. Stipe short or absent, 1-3cm long, 1-2cm in diameter, often with villi at the base. Scent and light.

Pleurotus chemical composition

Contains a variety of amino acids, vitamins (vita-min) B1, B2, B6, C, PP, H. The main fatty acids are: linoleicacid, palmitic acid, oleic acid ), The main aromatic components are: 3-octanol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, the main steroid It is ergosterol, and the amines include betaine, histamine, adenine, ethanolamine, ethylamine, and free sugar and sugar alcohol are glycerol ( glycerol), mannitol, glucose, tre-halose, also contains galactomannan, glyco-gen, glucopolymer with 1 3 branches Glucan, a polysaccharide containing D-galactose, D-mannose, L-fructose, pleurotolysin and three types Phenoloxidase.

Pharmacological effects

1. Anti-cancer There are two kinds of polysaccharides with anti-cancer activity in pleurotus ostreatus, mainly acidic polysaccharides in the pleurotus ear, containing -1,3-glucan 69%, galactose 13%, mannose 6%, and glucoaldehyde. The acid was 13%, and the latter three existed in the polysaccharide structure as a side chain. The inhibition rate of hot water extract on sarcoma S180 was 91%. A glycoprotein extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong cytotoxic effect on S180, ascites tumor ECA, hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa, human B lymphoma cell Raji, and leukemia cell K562 in vitro, and it is selective for different cancer cells. In vivo tests have shown that this component can inhibit the proliferation of mouse S180 tumor cells and invade surrounding tissues, can necrotize tumor tissue, infiltrate lymphocytes, and form a thick fibrous envelope, suggesting that it has the ability to fibrosis tumor tissues Role.

2. Enhance immunity: The glycopeptide component isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus fungus has the effect of promoting lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumors. 3. Hypolipidemia and prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis: extract the extract with water and ethanol of different concentrations in the lateral ear, and vacuum dry. 3% alcohol extract was added to hamster high-fat feed. After 6 weeks, the extract extracted with water and 30% and 60% ethanol can significantly reduce serum and liver cholesterol and triether glycerol (triglyceride).