Where Is the Sciatic Nerve Located?

The longest and thickest nerve in the human body is also the main nerve of the sacral plexus in the spinal nerve. It is composed of lumbar and sacral nerves and can reach a diameter of about 1 cm. After coming out of the pelvis from the piriformis foramen, the general trunk and terminal branches extend over the entire dorsal side of the lower limb. The general trunk is located on the deep side of the gluteus maximus muscle, passes between the greater trochanter of the femur and the ischial tuberosity, descends to the dorsal side of the femur, and branches to the dorsal muscles of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the motor nerve of the posterior femoral muscle, calf, and foot muscles, and is also an important sensory nerve of the calf and foot.

The longest and thickest nerve in the human body is also the main nerve of the sacral plexus in the spinal nerve. It is composed of lumbar and sacral nerves and can reach a diameter of about 1 cm. After coming out of the pelvis from the piriformis foramen, the general trunk and terminal branches extend over the entire dorsal side of the lower limb. The general trunk is located on the deep side of the gluteus maximus muscle, passes between the greater trochanter of the femur and the ischial tuberosity, descends to the dorsal side of the femur, and branches to the dorsal muscles of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the motor nerve of the posterior femoral muscle, calf, and foot muscles, and is also an important sensory nerve of the calf and foot.

Branches of the sciatic nerve: 1. Articular branchfrom the upper part of the sciatic nerve, reaches the hip joint, and penetrates from the back of the joint capsule. 2. Muscle branches-issued in the upper femur, including the branches that control the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, hemimenis, and adductor muscles.

Chinese name

Sciatic nerve

Foreign name

ischiadic nerve

started from

Lumbosacral spinal cord

Ends at

Foot

Make up

Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

Dominate

muscle

Features

Thickest of all nerves

Sciatic Nerve I. Sciatic Nerve Injury:

Sciatic nerve injury, if the site is at or above the pelvic exit, the posterior femoral muscles, the muscles of the front, back, and feet of the calf are all paralyzed, the calf cannot be flexed, and the movements of the feet and toes are completely lost; Achilles tendon and palate The reflexes disappear; sensation is lost on the outside of the calf and feet. Burns often occur when the sciatic nerve is not completely damaged. When the injury is in the lower femur, such as posterior femoral muscle branch muscle injury, knee flexion exercises can be done.

The sciatic nerve is divided into the medial tibial nerve and the lateral common peroneal nerve in the popliteal fossa. The main symptoms of tibial nerve injury are: inflexion of the foot, weak varus, inability to stand or walk with the toes, sensory disturbances in the skin of the back of the calf and the soles of the feet, dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. The main symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury are: dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot, and extension of the toe. In addition, the patient has difficulty walking, exhibiting a special "cross-threshold gait", sensory disturbances in the anterolateral calf, dorsal and dorsal toes, and "grass foot" due to gravity and excessive stretching of the posterior muscles.

Sciatica 2. Sciatica:

(I) Introduction:

Sciatica is a syndrome of primary or secondary damage to the sciatic nerve caused by a variety of reasons. The syndrome that is produced by paroxysmal or persistent pain along the sciatic nerve pathway and its distribution area is mostly from the hip to the back of the thigh, the outside of the calf, and the foot. Dorsal radiation.

(II) Etiology and clinical manifestations:

Lumbar disc herniation is one of the main causes of sciatica. It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation is caused by prominent nucleus pulposus and excessive distraction of the spinal nerve root. At the nerve root site, the outer adventitial tissue is extremely underdeveloped, has no elastic buffering effect, is mechanically compressed by the nucleus pulposus, the nerve root is often easily damaged, and radiation pain is generated along the nerve root.

Its main manifestations are radiation from the waist to one side of the hip, the back of the thigh, the back of the calf to the back of the foot, the lumbosacral region, the spine have fixed and obvious tenderness, cramping pain, the feeling of the lower leg, the back of the foot, and the knee tendon, the heel Tendon reflexes disappear or disappear, and coughing or sneezing cause increased pain when abdominal pressure increases.

(Three) treatment:

Western medicine treatment mainly adopts a variety of conventional comprehensive treatments such as peripheral anti-inflammatory analgesics, nutritional nerve drugs, traction and rest on a hard bed, and in severe cases, treatment methods such as glucocorticoids, closure, and epidural injection can be used.