What is it in botany?

Apomixis is a term commonly used with flowering plants that indicates that they have been reproduced asxually through seeds. Plants that grow from these seeds are identical to the parent plant. This is very used for the production of seeds and breeding of plants. More than 400 plant species are produced by apomictical seeds, including dandelion and blackberries. This can be very advantageous evolutionary. For example, Kentucky Bluegrass regularly produces new tribes by sexual reproduction. The best of them spreads apomixis and the plant has many strains that are well adapted to localized areas. Extreme conditions make it difficult to pollinate insects, so it is difficult to transmit genetic material from the plant to the plant. Given the difficult conditions, plants could benefit from several major specialized tribes than from constantly developing populations that would occur during sexual reproduction. However, there are technical problems. Plants that are apomictical often show polyploidia, which means they know they knowCe than two copies of their chromosomes. This can make gene transfer more difficult.

The advantage of the use of apomictical seed would be that small farmers were able to produce their own seeds of elite cultivars. Viral diseases can spread through vegetatively promoted plants, and this could be minimized by cloning with seed cultures. You could also use varieties adapted to locally adapted, which are resistant to extreme climatic conditions or pathogens.

There are two main forms of apomixis. The venue includes gametophyte , which is a reproductive haploid multicellular structure of the plant. Being a haploid means that it contains only one set of chromosomes. Gametophyte produces gametes - mature reproductive cells that would normally unify with another opposite sex to undergo sexual reproduction. In the gametophytic apomixis, however, a nestilized egg cellThe embryo is flying. It is similar to Parthenogenesis in animals, which is reproduction in women, without sex.

The second form is known as sporophytic apomixis . In this case, the embryos are formed as buds directly from the tissue integrament. This is part of the inner tissue of the egg, the structure that holds the embryo bag. The Embryo of the bag continues with the development, while the sporophytic embryo will continue and create apomictical seeds. This process is also known as Adventious embryo . With the exception of commonly occurring in citrus plants, sporophytic apomixis is a rare process in higher plants.