What Are Some Schemes for Terraforming Mars?

China's Mars Exploration Program is China's first Mars exploration program. China's National Space Administration will cooperate with the Russian Federal Space Agency to explore Mars. Firefly I launched in 2011 (November 9, Russia announced that the Forbes-Soil Mars probe with Firefly-1 failed to orbit) is the first Mars probe in the program.

China will proceed in the future

The entire plan is divided into four phases:

Phase 1: (~ 2009) Meeting

In November 1962, the Soviet Union launched "

In October 2009, China will also join the Mars exploration team, launching "

China plans to launch an overall golden-yellow probe to Mars in 2020 in an attempt to detect signs of alien life on the surface of Mars.

17th

China Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center announced on October 10, 2016 that 11 social, cultural and artistic celebrities, including Lang Ping, Liu Cixin, Tan Dun, TFBOYS, and Yao Ming, will be invited to speak for the promotion of China's Mars exploration project. This is the first time that China's major science and technology projects have been used as ambassadors. ^[13]

There are five dotted circles around Mars. The innermost circle is a task with a mobile detection robot. There are only three.

Mission Mars with a high failure rate

Sojourner (Pathfinder), Sprit, and Opportunity.

The latter two were launched in 2003 and were still active on Mars as of 2009, which is a very remarkable achievement. The second lap outward was a mission that successfully landed on the surface of Mars. Counting Sojourner's base (so this mission has two points), there have been only six in total. Of which the Soviet Union accounted for two and the United States accounted for four. The first two missions in the United States are Viking 1 and Viking 2. They are a group of exploration ships aimed at finding life on Mars. Unfortunately, because scientists have disputed the collected data, the final conclusion is "no conclusion" . Since then, people on Earth have lost interest in Mars for a long time. The restarted Mars exploration plan intends to confirm step by step whether Mars has the potential to support the existence of Earth-like creatures. This part starts with the Phoenix mission to find the existence of water on the surface of Mars. The next step is to have the ability A further complete analysis of the surface exploration robot Mars Science Laboratory is expected to launch at the end of 2011.

On the other side, 11 satellites reached Mars' orbit. The most recent three-Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbitor in the United States and Mars Express in Europe are still operating over Mars, providing long-term tracking of Mars geography and climate change, and data relay work on surface detection robots-yes With these satellites, the detection robot on the ground does not need to use high-power antennas to send signals back to the earth, as long as the signals are transmitted to the satellites in the sky, so that it can save electricity for more important tasks. Further out is a probe that passed Mars but did not enter orbit. In the early years, because the technology was not developed, the Mars mission was set to be successful even in the modern times. By the way, we passed Mars on the way to other solar system stars. In addition to saying hello to the satellites in orbit, we also took the opportunity to check whether the equipment Works fine.

The outermost circle is the failed task. Compared with 21 successful missions (two of which are just passing), there are a total of 22 failed missions (Beagle in 2003 is counted as success in the picture. In fact, only the satellite Mars Express is successful. Beagle Landing ships failed to land), and the failure rate was over half. Thankfully, most of the missions since 2001 have been very successful, or at least half as successful, giving scientists some confidence in how much Mars has explored.

Phobos-Grunt / Firefly-1, a collaboration between China and Russia, was launched in 2011. Among them, Firefly 1 is a satellite that enters Mars orbit, and the Forbes-Soil Mars probe travels with Firefly 1 for most of the journey, but will separate after arriving, and will go to Mars satellite Phobos alone to collect soil samples, and then fly with the samples Back to earth. But it failed.

MAVEN, launched in 2013, replaces Mars Reconnaissance Orbitor as a data relay for surface detection robots.

The EU's EXOMARS is a large surface detection robot like Mars Science Laboratory. The EXOMARS mission will wait until 2016.

All missions so far have been unmanned. It is almost 50 years from 1960 to today. When can humans take a walk on the red planet?