What is a cryogenic engine?

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cryogenic engine is usually a rocket engine designed to escape the gravity of the country to send the probes to the placed or to raise satellites in orbit. They use liquid fuels that are cooled at very low temperatures and which would otherwise be in gaseous state at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature such as hydrogen and oxygen. These fuels are used in one of the two main patterns to produce driving force. Hydrogen is evaporated as fuel and ignites oxidation to oxygen to form a standard hot turn, or is mixed to form a super hot steam that leaves the motor nozzle and creates. Work at the German Aviation Center in Germany Lampoldshausen takes place on the development of a cryogenic drive. India also tested in the field of cryogenic rocket design only AS 2009, produced in the Indian Universe Research Organization (ISRA), resulting in a catastrophic failure of the test vehicle.

Cryogenic engineering for rocket fuels has existed since the at least sixties, the design of the Saturn V missile, used by Apollo Moon Missions of the United States. The main engines of the American space shuttle also use cryogenically stored fuels, as well as several early models of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) used as nuclear discouraging means of Russia and China. Liquid missiles have a larger move, and therefore speed than their firm powers, but are stored with empty fuel tanks, as fuels can be difficult to maintain and worsen the engine and fittings over time. The use of cryogenic fuel as a driving substance requires fuel storage equipment so that it is possible to draw into the tanks on a rocket engine if necessary. Since the start of the launch, which is powered by a cryogen engine, they can be delayed for up to several hours and the fuel storage is risky, the US has turned into all nuclear ICBM on solids.

liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are stored at -423 ° Fahrenheit (-253 ° Clis) and -297 ° Fahrenheit (-183 ° Celsius). These elements are easily obtained and offer one of the greatest speeds of liquid fuel energy conversion for missile drive, so they have become fuels for each nation working on engine cryogenic constructions. They also create one of the highest known specific impulses for chemical missile drive up to 450 seconds. A specific impulse is the rate of change of momentum per unit of fuel consumed. A 440 -specific 440 -specific missile, such as a cryogenic engine with a shuttle in a vacuum, would reach a speed of about 9,900 miles per hour (15,840 kilometers per hour), which is sufficient to keep the orb orbpo for a long time.

The new variation on cryogenic engines is a common expandable cryogenic engine (CECE) developed by national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) in the US. Uses typical liquid oxygen and hydrogen fuelsO, but the whole engine is also supercooled. The fuel is mixed to form a 5,000 ° Fahrenheit (2,760 ° Celsius) overheated steam as a form of a rocket pull, which can be strangled up and down from slightly over 100% to 10% tensile levels, for maneuvering in a landing environment like on the Moon's surface. The engine was not successful until 2006 and can be used on future missions Mars and months.