What Is Aerology?

Aviation A comprehensive technical discipline that applies various scientific and engineering theories to achieve flight in the atmosphere and guides aviation engineering practice. Aeronautics is the theoretical basis for human beings engaged in aviation activities, and its contents include various scientific knowledge related to aircraft research, design, manufacturing, test, flight, maintenance, use and management. Mainly consists of: aerodynamics, flight mechanics, aircraft structural mechanics, aero engine principles, aeronautical materials science, aircraft manufacturing and technology, automatic flight control theory, navigation principles and pilotage, avionics, aeronautical systems engineering, air traffic control Theory, etc. ^[1-2]

Aeronautics is derived from ancient Greek. r means "air", nautik means "navigation", that is, "navigation to the air". A science or art involving flight learning, design, and manufacturing, as well as techniques for operating aircraft and rockets in the atmosphere. The Royal Aeronautical Society identifies aspects of "Aeronautical Arts, Science and Engineering" and "Aeronautics (including Aerospace)".

Although the term literally means "sailing air". It used to only refer to the science of operating aircraft, but now it has been expanded to include aircraft-related technologies, operations, and other aspects. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics. "Aeronautics" includes aircraft lighter than air, such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles. "Aeronautics" is not technically.

An important part of aviation science is the power branch called aerodynamics, which deals with the movement of air and the way it interacts with moving objects such as airplanes. ^[2-3]

Sir George Kelly (1773-1857) is recognized as the founder of modern aviation. He was first known as the "Father of Aircraft" in 1846 [12], and Henson called him the "Father of Air Navigation" [3]. He was the first true scientific aerial researcher to publish his work, and this was the basic principles and power of the first flight.

In 1809, he began publishing a landmark three-part paper entitled "Aeronautical Navigation" (1809-1810). [14] In which he wrote the scientific statement of the first question, "The whole problem is confined to these limits, that is, the surface is supported by a given weight by applying force to the resistance of the air. He identified four factors that affect the aircraft. Vector forces: thrust, lift, drag and weight, as well as outstanding stability and control in his design.

He developed modern conventional forms of fixed-wing aircraft with stable tails with horizontal and vertical surfaces, unmanned and piloted flying gliders.

He introduced the use of a cyclone test stand to investigate the aerodynamics of flight, and used it to discover the benefits of curved or curved wings over the plane wings he used for his first glider. He also identified and described the importance of dihedral angles, diagonal braces, and drag reduction, and helped to understand and design ornithopters and parachutes. [3]

Another important invention was the tension wheel, which he designed to create a light and sturdy wheel for the aircraft landing gear. ^[4]

Aviation can be divided into three main branches, including aviation, aviation science, and aviation engineering.

Aviation

Aviation is the art or practice of aviation. Historically aviation meant nothing more than flying in the air, but now it includes flying in balloons and airships.

Aviation science

Aviation science covers practical theories of aviation and aviation, including operations, navigation, air safety, and human factors.

Candidate pilots are likely to qualify for aviation science.

Aeronautical engineering

Aeronautical engineering includes the design and construction of aircraft, including its power, how to use it, and how to control its safe operation. [15]

A major part of aeronautical engineering is aerodynamics, the science of passing air.

With increasing space activities, aerospace work is often used as aerospace engineering.

Aeronautics aerodynamics

The science of aerodynamics involves the movement of air and the way it interacts with moving objects such as airplanes.

Aerodynamic research is broadly divided into three areas:

Incompressible flow occurs when the air simply moves to avoid objects, usually at subsonic speeds (Mach 1) below the sound.

Compressible flow occurs when the shock wave appears at the point where the air is compressed, usually at speeds above Mach 1.

Transonic flow occurs in a range of intermediate velocities near Mach number 1, where airflow over an object can be locally subsonic at one point and locally supersonic at another.

Aeronautical rocket

Launch Apollo 15 Saturn V rocket: T-30 seconds to T + 40 seconds.

Rockets or rocket vehicles are missiles, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicles that get thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is made up entirely of the propellant before the rocket was used. [16] Rocket engines work by action and reaction. The rocket engine simply propels the rocket forward by pushing it backwards.

Rockets used for military and entertainment purposes date back to at least the 13th century. Important Chinese science. Interstellar and industrial use did not occur until the 20th century, when the rocket was an enabling technology for the space age, including the moon.

Rockets are used for the exploration of pyrotechnics, weapons, ejection seats, satellite launch vehicles, human spaceflight and other planets. Although relatively inefficient for low speed use, they are very lightweight and powerful, capable of generating large accelerations and achieving extremely high speeds with reasonable efficiency.

Chemical rockets are the most common type of rocket. They usually produce their exhaust gas through the combustion of rocket propellants. Chemical rockets store large amounts of energy in easily released forms and can be very dangerous. However, careful design, testing, construction, and use minimize risk. ^[2]