What Is an Electrical Force?

Electricity is based on electrical energy. Invented in the 1870s, the invention and application of electricity set off the second climax of industrialization. It has become one of the three scientific and technological revolutions in the world since the 18th century of human history. Since then, technology has changed people's lives. The large-scale power system that emerged in the 20th century is one of the most important achievements in the history of human engineering science. It is a power production and consumption system consisting of power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, and power consumption. It transforms the primary energy in nature into electricity through mechanical energy devices, and then supplies electricity to users through transmission, transformation and distribution.

Today is the age of the Internet. We still have a growing demand for electricity because we have invented more electric products such as computers and home appliances. It is undeniable that the continuous emergence of new technologies has made electricity a necessity for people.

The main ways of generating electricity are:

Thermal power

I. Advantages:

Fuel is easy to obtain, heat engine efficiency is high, peak regulation is easy to achieve, construction cost is low, and it is easy to form a co-production industry chain with metallurgical, chemical, cement and other high energy consumption industries.

Disadvantages:

Flue gas pollution: SO2, NOx, etc. emitted by direct combustion of coal

Development History

In 1875, the Paris Nord Train Station was built as the world's first

China's power market development strategy in 2014

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the power market has faced huge impacts. Especially under the influence of the global financial crisis, the opportunities and challenges faced by the power industry have become more numerous. In order to increase power sales, ensure that the company is invincible in the competition, and conduct forward-looking analysis of the company, it is particularly important that the state adopt effective strategies to continuously expand the power market. According to China Industrial Insight Network, the national power department has gradually realized the significance of the expansion of the power market, clarified that power is one of the national basic industries, and has taken effective measures to improve it as much as possible.

I. Change your mind and establish a sense of competition

The basis of an enterprise's survival is the market, and thought is the precursor of action. In order to expand the power market, the enterprise must change its previous thinking, clarify the competition strategy with the market as the main body, and adhere to the guiding role of the market. On this basis, enterprises must also establish a sense of competition, cultivate efficiency concepts, strengthen market management, and combine the policies and regulations of the Party Central Committee to form a good reputation and image, strengthen the cohesion of the enterprise, and allow market consumers to trust the enterprise. Maximize the power market. For example, after the country proposed a strategy for the large-scale development of the western region, a power company in Yunnan based on the whole, seized the opportunity, established a sense of competition, and constantly improved its corporate image. It did not miss the opportunity, accurately grasped the market positioning, and expanded The electricity market has achieved tremendous economic benefits.

Second, improve the rules and regulations of the electricity market

If you want to do everything well, you need to have sound and complete rules and regulations as the basis, as well as the effective expansion of the electricity market. Due to the constraints of the planned economic system in the past, coupled with the limitations of people's ideology, the rules and regulations of China's power market are not sound enough. In the context of the new period, in order to effectively expand the power market, the party and the state must improve and perfect the corresponding rules and regulations, based on the "Electric Power Law" and related laws, and further improve the current situation. Specifically, it is necessary to refine the access rules of the power market, clarify electricity prices, regulate the behavior of enterprises, and formulate supporting supervision and management regulations, and specify specific punishment measures for violations of the law, thereby regulating corporate behavior and ensuring the openness and scientificity of the market To purify the power market and ensure its further expansion.

3. Establish a user-centric power market and expand new markets

If you want to increase the amount of social power and gradually expand the power market, it is necessary to adhere to customer-centric power supply and build the power market according to the specific needs of users. First of all, power companies must ensure the quality of power supply. Quality is one of the main factors to expand the market. Only with good quality can more customers be obtained. Second, in the specific process of work, we must adhere to the principle of "prevention-oriented and safety first." The principle is to ensure the safety of production on the basis of ensuring the quality of electric power. Regular inspection and maintenance of power supply facilities is to avoid potential safety hazards and to gradually increase the service life of the facilities. Finally, it is necessary to improve the service level of the enterprise itself and establish The concept of user service, innovative service awareness, and regular visits to customers to understand their satisfaction with power supply, so as to find the shortcomings of the enterprise and meet customer needs.

As we all know, China's regional distribution is uncoordinated, and there is a large difference in the amount of electricity required by various regions. The centers of electricity use are concentrated in the eastern and southeast coastal areas. If you want to expand the power market, you must break this unbalanced power structure and open up new markets. In this regard, enterprises can establish inter-regional power grids to enable effective regulation of electrical energy between different regions and increase macro-control efforts to balance electricity prices. In addition, companies can also learn from advanced foreign experience and carry out policy promotion activities, such as replacing oil with electricity, replacing diesel with electricity, replacing coal with electricity, and strengthening the promotion of electric vehicles, heat pump equipment, electric heating boilers and other products. Thus gradually increasing the share of electricity in market consumption. For example, once it enters summer, the number of air conditioners used in areas south of the Yangtze River in China will increase significantly, and electricity consumption will increase. In response to this phenomenon, the state has implemented related preferential policies on electricity prices for ice-storage refrigeration and air-conditioning. Enterprises can use this feature to gradually expand the market and improve economic efficiency.

Fourth, improve the quality of employees

The effective expansion of the power market depends on the business capabilities and comprehensive qualities of the company's employees. With the full opening of the socialist market economy and the gradual rise of modern technologies, higher requirements have been placed on the quality and ability of power company employees. To effectively expand the power market, companies must cultivate high-quality, high-capacity employees.

First, enterprises should improve the technical level of their personnel, adhere to the introduction of advanced equipment, and gradually improve their technical capabilities. Second, adhere to the development strategy of coexistence of "introducing and going out", strengthen communication and cooperation between employees, and send capable employees to study and communicate with others. Third, enterprises should organize personnel training regularly, do a good job of job selection, and on the basis of ensuring that employees have high abilities, they must also improve their moral qualities and establish their concept of serving the enterprise, thereby further expanding the power market. ^[4]

"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for Electric Power Development

On November 7, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for electric power development was issued, which has the following guiding significance for us.

It is necessary to scientifically understand China's power development space: According to the Plan, by 2020, China's per capita installed capacity will exceed 1.4 kilowatts, and per capita power consumption will be about 5,000 kilowatt hours, which is close to the level of medium developed countries. The proportion of electricity in energy should be larger and larger, that is, the energy is going to be electrified. Especially in the end energy, the use of energy in the form of electricity is more important than in the form of non-electricity such as direct coal combustion. The capacity per capita of 5,000 kilowatt-hours in 2020 is in line with the GDP level of 2020, and there is still room for development in the future.

In the future, coal power development should be stricter: under the new economic normal, energy has also entered a new normal. The performance is that energy is also increasing with the economic growth, but the growth rate is slowing down. We have to realize that the increase in power generation capacity of low-carbon energy sources such as renewable energy, nuclear power and natural gas power generation should be able to meet the demand for power growth under the new normal. Taking a step back, if the low-carbon energy capacity is insufficient, it is still necessary to increase the amount of coal-fired power generation and increase the number of hours of coal-fired power generation.
Make solid research on energy storage technology: Energy storage technology can be called a subversive technology and occupy the commanding heights of energy technology. If energy storage technology has made substantial progress in the future, it can effectively solve the problem of abandoning wind, light and even water. In order to achieve the large-scale development of intermittent renewable energy, energy storage is the key, and high-energy, high-density energy storage is very conducive to the development of new energy vehicles. In addition, energy storage is also crucial for microgrid construction. At this point, we should fully realize that energy storage is a technology that can achieve multiple uses. ^[5]

Clean, low-carbon, and green are the main directions of this round of reform: During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China introduced the energy revolution. After two years, the energy revolution has made significant progress. Therefore, the "13th Five-Year Plan" will continue to promote changes in the energy field on this basis. The basic requirement is to make energy cleaner, greener and lower-carbon. Moreover, this change is not only an inevitable requirement of China's development to this stage, but also the direction of global energy reform. In my opinion, clean, low-carbon, and green electricity have two meanings: one is the clean use and transformation of coal power; the other is to increase the amount of renewable energy generation as much as possible. In general, the clean use of coal is a lower-level solution, and the higher-level solution is to develop green and low-carbon energy to replace coal. However, moving from a lower level to a higher level requires a process, which requires a moderate increase in natural gas power generation as a transition, and then develops into large-scale renewable energy, gradually forming a green and low-carbon energy system.

Carbon emissions will become an important control indicator: carbon emissions will become an important control indicator for the power industry. The "Planning" puts forward the goal of reducing the carbon dioxide emission intensity of coal power units to 865 g / kWh. In addition, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" to control greenhouse gas emissions work plan also mentioned that by 2020, large-scale power generation group unit power supply carbon dioxide emissions control within 550 grams of carbon dioxide / kWh. This means that the coal power ratio of a large part of power generation enterprises in China cannot exceed 50%, and this requirement is very high. Generally speaking, the five major power generation groups have been vigorously deploying renewable energy in recent years. It is not too difficult to complete this task, but some local power companies may be under greater pressure. If it can't be completed, then the task will be completed by purchasing carbon indicators and participating in carbon trading.
Electricity substitution is a reflection of the progress of the times: The Plan emphasizes that by 2020, the proportion of electric energy in terminal energy consumption will increase to 27%. On the one hand, the burning of coal and oil is the main factor causing air pollution, especially the combustion of bulk coal is more harmful. Pollutants emitted per ton of loose coal combustion are 5 to 10 times the emissions from thermal power coal combustion, and their contribution to air pollution is about 50%. On the other hand, although natural gas is cleaner than coal, it also releases a part of nitrogen oxides during use, and nitrogen oxides are also one of the important reasons for the formation of haze. Therefore, improving the use of electrical energy in terminal energy is indeed of great help in preventing and controlling air pollution. In addition, the replacement of electric energy is not only a question of increasing the proportion of electricity in energy consumption terminals, but also a reflection of the progress of the times. From the perspective of terminal energy use in developed countries, the proportion of electric energy is also very high. In order for China to enter a modern society, its energy system and energy consumption methods must be close to those of developed countries. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, our main energy was to solve the problem of electricity consumption. Now that electricity has been made abundant, at this time, it is also realistic to propose large-scale energy replacement. ^[6]