What Is Medical Neuroscience?

Neuroscience refers to the science that seeks to explain the biological mechanisms of mental activity, that is, the mechanisms of cell biology and molecular biology. Neuroscience seeks to understand how the neural circuits assembled during development feel the world around them, how they perform behaviors, and how they retrieve perceptions from memory. Once retrieved, they can also play a role in the memory of perception. Neuroscience also seeks to understand the biological foundations that support people's emotional lives, how emotions change people's minds, and why depression, mania, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's can occur when the regulation of emotions, thoughts, and actions is distorted And other diseases. These are extremely complex issues that are more complex than any one has ever faced in other areas of biology.

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Cognitive neuroscience is characterized by an emphasis on interdisciplinary, multilevel, and multilevel intersecting. It organically combines behavior, cognition, and brain mechanisms. It attempts to comprehensively explain the perception of objects and the formation of images by humans and animals at the microscopic level such as molecules, synapses, and neurons and at the macro level of systems, whole brain, and behavior. Information processing process and its neural mechanism when using language, memorizing information, reasoning and decision-making. After a person is born, the fate of the brain is related to the environment. Good nutrition, coupled with a sensory and rich learning environment, can make neurons grow bigger and more complex. But the brain begins to die from birth, and it is impossible for these neurons to proliferate or replace. In addition, trauma, disease and environmental toxins can cause the death of a large number of neurons. The average adult brain weighs 1,400 grams, and its constituents have hundreds of billions of cells. Among them, the number of neocortical cells is about 10 billion, and most of the stimulus responses are in charge of people. In addition, there is glial (Glia), which is about 5-10 times the number of neuronal cells, which is mainly used to support the structure and repair of the brain. Cognitive neuroscience research can help people explore the nature of cognitive phenomena, explore the relationship between matter and consciousness, solve ancient philosophical problems, and also help people understand some phenomena in real society and improve people's quality of life. The results of cognitive neuroscience can directly serve society. For example, research has shown that some people with antisocial personality or some people with mental illness have abnormal brain activity patterns when performing certain cognitive tasks; normal people, after drinking alcohol, if they engage in the above-mentioned selective response tasks , The response time becomes slower, the error rate increases, and its corresponding brain activity is different from ordinary people. Before performing a surgical operation, a brain injury patient can perform a brain function imaging examination to determine the brain areas responsible for important cognitive functions (such as language). Neurosurgeons can try to avoid damaging these brain areas during surgery. Cognitive correction for children with dyslexia can gradually restore the pattern of brain activity when reading text to normal children. For the selection and testing of astronauts and pilots, people need to consider their physical adaptability, and scientifically measure and study their cognitive functions and their neural activities, especially their functions in emergency situations. It is no exaggeration to say that cognitive neuroscience has penetrated into every aspect of people's lives, although in most cases people are unaware.