What is neural backpropagation?

neural backpropagation is the name of a given phenomenon of an impulse moving backwards by an neural circuit. While the action potentials usually travel from the cell-specifically at the Axon Axon Axon point to the terminal butons that make up the synapses with receiving cells, and the action potential actually moves the diffusion of incoming ions. Neural backpropagation usually has a short range of effect, but has the potential to pass through the entire nervous circuit. Most neurons have a single axon that can split many times. This neurite is a process that transmits signals from the cell, while dendrites that are other neurite neurons are usually processes that receive signals. Neural backpropagation is regulated by ion channels in the axon and on the body of the cell.

Axon works in its role to perform andThe potentials of the axon hill to the final points of the Axon, called the terminal boutons, the opening of the channels in the axonal membrane that allow positive ions to the cell, depolarization and opening channels with tension. Voltage channels allow other positively charged ions to a cell such as calcium and potassium. When the cell loses the resting potential of -70 mV and becomes depolarized due to positive cartridges of incoming ions, it "fires" and releases vesicles filled with a neurotransmitter from the terminal boutons at the end of the axon.

Signal propagation acts as ion channels along the axon, causing the opening of other nearby channels, but this signal propagation can move in the opposite direction and, when so, is referred to as nervous backpropagation. This process occurs when the action potential on Axon hill is initiated and, although it could follow the axon as usual, it also performs a signal in the opposite direction, causing a cellular body depolarization, including synapses and nearby dendritis segments.When dendritic segment is depolarized, postsynaptic densities located in this area respond to incoming signals from other neurons differently. Possible consequences of neural backpropagation include phenomena such as dendro-dendritic inhibition and modification of membrane potential that can change the properties of cellular shooting.

Synaptic plasticity, such as long -term potentiation (LTP) and long -term depression (LTD), are associated with nervous backpropagation because the backward signal modifies incoming signals. Although this concept may seem elementary, the idea of ​​changing future behavior based on past experience is a possible definition of learning. In a way, the nerve baclze to say that cpropagation allows individual cells to "learn" at the molecular level. Neural backpropagation is often observed in neocortex, hippocamp and other areas of the brain often associated with memory, learning or high degree of nerve plasticity.