What Is an Electromagnetic Pulse?

EMP- (electromagnetic pulses) electromagnetic pulses are generated by nuclear explosions and non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse bombs (high-power microwave bombs). The electromagnetic pulses generated by nuclear explosions are called nuclear electromagnetic pulses. Any nuclear weapon that explodes above the ground will generate electromagnetic pulses, which account for about one millionth of the total energy of a nuclear explosion. The frequency ranges from several hundred hertz to several megahertz. Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse bombs use energy generated by explosives explosion or chemical fuel combustion, converted into high-power microwave radiant energy through microwave devices, and can emit pulsed microbeams with peak power above several megawatts and a frequency of 1 GHz to 300 GHz. Thousands of volts of transient voltage are suddenly generated on exposed electrical conductors (such as bare wires, printed wiring of printed circuit boards), causing irreparable damage to a large number of electronic devices.

Electromagnetic Pulse

(Phenomena resulting from the explosion)

EMP- (electromagnetic pulses)

The electromagnetic pulse protection method is basically the same as the lightning protection method. Shields made of 9.5 mm thick steel or 4 mm thick copper plates provide high overall shielding effectiveness. However, this shielding is weakened by the existence of access doors and small holes for cables, connectors, switches, etc., so that the holes must be sealed with gaskets. If it is necessary to open the hole for ventilation, you should use various shielding grids (such as honeycomb partitions, porous metal plates, and wire mesh screens) to divide the large holes into many small holes. Ensure the best shielding effect. Cables must use integral protective materials. The best cable protective materials are conductive solid materials such as pipes. Proper grounding is also important in helping reduce vulnerability. If the data transmission rate is low, filtering methods can be used to suppress transient effects. If filtering alone is not sufficient to reduce the electromagnetic pulse to a safe level, a protective suppressor such as a Zener diode is required. At present, the specific methods of preventing electromagnetic pulses in foreign command and communication systems are: selecting the best components; using components that are not easily affected by electromagnetic pulses, such as electronic tubes; installing filters on connectors; using external protective components to protect pre-package Circuits (such as integrated circuits); use lead guards; use separation filters to limit the coupling frequency to a very narrow frequency band; use automatic gain control and gain limit technology; use special filters; use circuit isolation technology to isolate electrical transients Variations; shielding and grounding; redesign of the sub-system; detection of data errors due to electromagnetic pulse interference, and rejection of these data.