What is an electromagnetic pulse?
electromagnetic pulse, otherwise known as EMP, is an electromagnetic radiation that can connect with electric systems. This binding often leads to damage to the current or voltage of the device due to the resulting impact on both electrical and magnetic fields. This rupture is often the result of an explosion caused by nuclear energy producing a fluctuating magnetic field with a sudden impact. The electromagnetic pulse can also be caused by a simple short -term explosion of electromagnetic energy from a wide -band device with a high intensity. When used as a weapon, this is called high height electromagnetic devices. To use this effect, detonation must fall into the parameters of three different criteria: the altitude of detonation, the yield of scattered energy and the full interaction with the natural magnetic field of the Earth. Other problems may occur when the target is protected by anti -electromagnetic pulse protection. However, scientists did not know about the full size of the effect, which resulted in a slow implementationAcid weapons. Scientists led by Enric Fermi expected some kind of pulse from the first test of the United States nuclear explosion in 1945. All electronic devices were therefore protected from an electromagnetic pulse.
When completing nuclear testing at high altitude, carried out in 1962, electromagnetic pulses were further understood. In July of the same year, a nuclear weapon of 1.44 megaton was fired 250 miles (about 400 kilometers) above the Earth's surface in the Pacific Ocean. The bomb, known as Starfish Prime, caused great electrical damage to Hawaii, Located 898 miles (about 1,445 km). This further stimulated research of electromagnetic pulses.
Nuclear electromagnetic impulse requires a specific series of events to take place. This process was defined by the International Electrical Engineering Commission. These impulses look much faster than traditional high voltage events such as lightning,Which makes protection more difficult. Gamma radiation from nuclear detonation causes atoms in the upper atmosphere to release electrons. Essentially, these electrons push out the Earth's magnetic field from the way in the same way as a geomagnetic storm.
An important aspect of electromagnetic pulses is that modern technology is much more susceptible to negative effects than older technology. Electrical cable equipment basically acts as lighting rods and attracts pulse. Vacuum tube technology, which is used severely during the 20th century, has survived more often. With the replacement of these electrical electrical cities according to the equipment for a fixed condition, vulnerability of electronics is much more common.