What is orthology?
orthology is a feature of two or more species that have been inherited from a common ancestor. It can be contrasted with evolutionary analogy, a similar feature that has evolved independently. Grees passing from parents to offspring can remain intact, which will often lead to a manifestation of similar physical properties. However, if genes mutate many times, they can eventually produce similar external features by natural selection. Orthology in different species concerns similar qualities whose genes have inherited, rather than mutated origin.
different species show different characteristics, but some of these qualities can be very similar. For example, many animals have hands with five fingers, although these fingers may differ significantly in size or shape. Orthology concerns the origin of genes that are responsible for physical properties such as fingers. These genes can evolve in two different ways - either independently through mutation or inheritance through orthology.
nature is full of VL examplesAsthesities that have evolved independently. For example, sharks and dolphins have more efficient bodies with a vertical fin on their backs. However, the internal anatomy of sharks and dolphins is very different; In fact, they are quite distant evolutionary. Their closest ordinary predecessor lived in the past for a long time. Rather than inherited, genes responsible for many of their similar properties have evolved independently because of their similar environment.
On the other hand, closely related species inherit many of the same features from a common ancestor. When this happens, the formulas in the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are transmitted by an intact descendant of many generations. Without any mutations to change genes, descendants will be inherited and will often result in the same external features as in the ancestors' organisms. If Hereditity is the cause of a particular gene, it is said to be orthological.
When orthology occurs, the gene may or may not have with withThey are in the life and reproduction of his host. In many cases, the gene will perform the same role. For example, the fingers in primates usually have similar functions - they collect food, move trees and fight enemies. Orthological genes, however, will sometimes perform different roles. People have five fingers, but they cannot understand the branches like the fingers of the gorilla.
Orthology identification is critical in comparing gene function among organisms. It is also useful in classifying life on Earth called taxonomy. Knowledge of the origin of specific genes can help scientists understand why some animals such as sharks and dolphins look similar, but behave very differently.