What is protein phosphorylation?

Protein phosphorylation is the connection of the phosphate group (after _{4 ) to the protein. The new phosphorus group changes the role of protein: it can activate, deactivate or cause a change in function. Protein phosphorylation is relatively common in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It provides a way to regulate biological functions without changing the actual amount of proteins available to their implementation. There are many different protein kinases, all with different target proteins. Protein kinase activity is often dependent on phosphorylation. This process depends on other kinases. To create a result, the cell sometimes uses a string of reactions called phosphorylation cascade. Impulse for this type of event is usually a signal from the outer cell. Energy and phos The usual -player group for these operations comes from adenosine triposphate, the ubiquitous feature of the cell landscape. The shape of the whole protein - indicated its tertiary structure - depends on various factors, including electric charge. Negative chargeJ groups of phosphate change tertiary structure sufficiently to change the function of the entire protein. Some proteins may be phosphorylated in multiple places, with different effects resulting from everyone. Phosphorylation occurs only in specific amino acids: serin, threonin and tyrosine.}

Protein phosphorylation is a key element of biological homeostasis. Most cellular processes are stochastic - they rely on a set of partially random interactions that can only be managed statistically. Becaping most functions is performed by proteins, the usual way of performing a certain operation involves the production of the more or less enzyme that performs it. This system is relatively slow; It is also more difficult to return it, because most proteins will only stop working when they are destroyed.

The effects of protein phosphorylation can be abolished by an enzyme called phosphatase. This process is called defosphorylation. Defosphorylation works almost overthem as phosphorylation. Each process requires to be the second useful. It is the possibility of rapid phosphorylation and then defosphorylation, which makes this path a finer means of control than the process of generating new proteins from DNA and RNA. The sum of two processes, including signals involved in their completion, is called phosphoregulation.