What Is Humoral Immunity?

Humoral immunity is an immune mechanism that uses effector B cells to produce antibodies to achieve protection. The cells responsible for humoral immunity are B cells. The humoral immune antigens are mostly proteins and polysaccharides with a relative molecular mass of more than 10,000. Virus particles and bacterial surfaces carry different antigens, so they can cause humoral immunity.

Humoral immunity

Humoral immunity is an immune mechanism that uses effector B cells to produce antibodies to achieve protection. The cells responsible for humoral immunity are B cells. Humoral immune

There are many types of antigens and B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs).

B-cell B-cell production

A recurrent purulent infection in the clinic often makes doctors think about whether the patient has

Humoral immunity is a rather complex continuous process that can be roughly divided into three stages.

Means that B cells, with the help of T cells, form effector B cells and

Each system in the body can be abstractly indicated by the concept of a set. Then the relationship between the three systems of nervous, immune and endocrine can be represented by the set group in Figure 10-1. The two overlapping areas of the three sets can represent the common categories between nerve (N) and immunity (I), immunity (I) and endocrine (E), and nerve (N) and endocrine (E), and the three overlapping areas should be Seen as a common content of nerves, immunity and endocrine (NIE). There are various combinations between the collections, as listed in Table 10-1 and Figure 10-2.

Figure 10-1 Relationship between neural (N), immune (I), and endocrine (E) systems

When an antigen (germ or virus) first infects the body, it is

In the theoretical system of modern endocrinology, the concept of "endocrine" should include endocrine, neuroendocrine, paracrine, and autocrine methods; and the connotation of hormones has increased greatly, such as local hormones, circulating hormones, neurohormones, etc., and many Immune factors such as lymphokines and mononuclear factors all meet the standards of hormones. Strictly speaking, the nervous system and the immune system are not only different from the endocrine system, but also have many similarities. This is also the basis for the interaction between systems. Table 10-1 Functions and contact methods between N, I, and E, and corresponding disciplines.

Cellular immunity and humoral immunity are physiological processes that are performed and realized by means of blood circulation, lymphatic circulation, or interstitial fluid, and neuroendocrine regulation is ultimately completed by circulating blood or interstitial fluid. Therefore, crossover effects and effects will inevitably occur along the way of this intersection. Therefore, neuroendocrine or immunoendocrine connections will be affected by immune or neurogenic factors in vivo. In the fields and contents of neuroimmunology that have been studied, the vast majority have found the involvement of endocrine factors or components. The common basis of mental and psychological activity and behavior is the high-level functional activities of the central nervous system. From this, psychoneuroimmunology and behavioral neuroimmunololgy can be classified as neuroimmunoendocrinology as neuroimmunoendocrinology. Important branch discipline.

Neuroimmunology and endocrinology can directly refer to related concepts and theories of neuroscience, immunology and endocrinology. The research method should be interdisciplinary. The research work should use multiple indicators, comprehensive observation, and examination of related clinical issues. Start from the aspect, distinguish the primary and secondary contradictions, and should consider the connection and influence with other systems in order to comprehensively and completely reflect the body's true physiological process at different levels.