What is the Global Warming Effect?

The predicted effects of global warming have profound effects on the environment and human life. It is mainly manifested by the increase in global average temperature and triggers a series of secondary effects, such as sea level rise, changes in agricultural distribution, increase in severe weather, and the spread of tropical disease epidemics. This effect has been observed in some cases, although it is currently difficult to attribute these specific phenomena to global warming.

Effects of global warming

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The predicted effects of global warming have profound effects on the environment and human life. It is primarily manifested by an increase in global average temperature and triggers a series of secondary effects such as sea level rise,

The effect of global warming is most likely due to all human activities intentionally or unintentionally destroying the originally normal earth environment, and has not stopped all kinds of behaviors harmful to the earth environment, and a variety of reasons have caused this situation.

Effects of global warming slow climate change

Effect of global warming

In addition to the direct losses caused by extreme weather, global warming has other economic effects.

The decline of agriculture

Global warming and agriculture

It has long been hoped that global warming will have a positive effect on agriculture, as carbon dioxide plays an important role in photosynthesis, especially in preventing photorespiration. Photorespiration is responsible for the destruction of several crops. Rising temperatures in Iceland have made possible the widespread cultivation of barley, which was unimaginable two decades ago. Some warming effects are caused by local fluctuations (possibly temporary) of ocean currents from the Caribbean Sea, which also affect fish stocks.

Although local benefits are foreseeable in some regions (such as in Siberia), recent studies have confirmed that this is a negative impact globally. "Large-scale experiments have shown that rising weather temperatures, longer droughts, and the side effects of both, such as high concentrations of near-earth ozone gas, will likely bring fundamental changes in crops in the coming decades. Reduce production. " ^[2]

In addition, the region most likely to suffer is Africa. Not only because of its geographical conditions make it particularly vulnerable, but also because 70% of its population depends on agriculture irrigated by natural precipitation. Tanzania's official report on climate change states that areas that typically have two rainy seasons each year will likely receive more, while those with only one rainy season will receive much less rainfall. The expected net effect would be a 33% reduction in local staple corn production.

Insurance

An industry directly affected by risk is the insurance industry. Since 1960, the number of major natural disasters has tripled, and insured losses have increased fifteen times in real terms (after adjusting for inflation). According to a study, 35-40% of the worst disasters are related to climate change (ERM, 2002). In the last three decades, the proportion of the global population affected by climate-related disasters has doubled linearly, from about 2% in 1975 to 4% in 2001 (ERM, 2002).

The British Association of Underwriters declares that Climate change is not a distant problem to be faced by future generations. It already exists in various forms and affects the business of insurers. It also pointed out that home and property risks caused by climate factors increase every year 2- 4%, and claimed that storm and flood damage in the UK had doubled to more than 6 billion pounds between 1998 and 2003, compared to the previous five years. The result is a rise in insurance premiums, and flood disaster insurance in some places may not be affordable for some people.

In the United States, insured losses have also increased significantly, but according to one study, this increase was mainly due to the increase in population and property in fragile coastal areas. ( Science , 284, 1943-1947)

traffic

The temperature difference increases, and roads, airport runways, train lines, and pipelines (including oil pipelines, sewage pipes, and water pipes) will be more easily damaged and require more frequent maintenance and replacement. Subsidence is more likely to occur in areas containing permafrost. .

flood

Because in the past it facilitated maritime trade, many of today's metropolises are located along the coast. As global warming raises seawater levels, these cities may have to invest huge resources for coastal defense. The risks vary from country to country, and low-lying countries such as Bangladesh and the Netherlands bear the brunt, or may have to pay huge resources to prevent flooding.

In developing countries, because floodplains are both fertile agricultural land and inexpensive accommodation, the poor often settle in one another. These dwellings on floodplains often lack infrastructure such as dams and flood warning systems, and residents often lack financial support such as insurance, savings, and loans to help them rebuild their homes after the flood. .

Immigration

Some Pacific island countries, Tuvalu, are facing the possibility of a total evacuation because resistance to floods may be too expensive for them. Tuvalu has a special agreement with New Zealand on a phased migration.

Some different projections in the 1990s set the total number of environmental refugees at about 25 million (the official definition of refugees is only one who evades persecution, not including environmental migrants). The IPCC predicts that 150 million environmental refugees will exist by 2050, mainly due to coastline floods, riparian erosion, and agricultural damage. This figure represents 1.5% of the estimated population of 10 billion in 2050.

Northwest Passage

The melting Arctic ice may open a northwestern channel in summer, shortening the route distance between Europe and Asia by 9,000 kilometers. These giant tankers have a huge relationship because they are too large to pass through the Panama Canal, so they can only bypass the southernmost tip of South America. According to the Canadian Ice Service, the total ice volume in the Canadian Arctic archipelago decreased by 15 percentage points between 1969 and 2004.

economic development

The combined effects of global warming will be particularly harmful to countries and people who are unable to mitigate this effect. This will offset economic growth and efforts to eradicate poverty, and make the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals more difficult.

In October 2004, the Working Group on Climate Change and Development, a coordination organization between development and environmental NGOs, published a report on the impact of climate change on development. This report, along with a July 2005 report, predicts reduced rainfall and rising hunger and disease from severe climate disasters, particularly in Africa. They will greatly affect the economic development of relevant people.

Effect of global warming

Indirect evidence of global warmingdecreased snow cover, rising sea levels, climate changeprovides some examples of the consequences of global warming. They show that global warming will not only affect human life, but also have a great impact on ecosystems. Rising global temperatures indicate that ecosystems will change, some species will be forced to leave their habitats and even become extinct, while others may be more prosperous. Only a few terrestrial ecological areas are able to stay away from this impact.

The increased carbon dioxide will increase the productivity of the ecosystem when it reaches a certain level, but the effects of this change are still unknown when considering other aspects of climate change. In addition, a mere increase in biomass is not necessarily a good thing, because even if a small number of species are prosperous, they cannot offset the decrease in biodiversity.

Water shortage

The threat of freshwater pollution from rising global sea levels will affect drinking and irrigation water in coastal areas. Increased evaporation reduces the role of the reservoir. The rise in extreme weather has caused more water to land on the soil that has hardened to absorb them, causing more violent floods without the proper effect of moistening the land or restoring ground water levels. In some areas, retreating glaciers threaten water supplies.

Higher temperature drops require more water to cool down.

In the Sahel region, an average 25% reduction in annual precipitation has been observed over the past 30 years.

Global warming effect health

Direct effects of rising temperatures

Rising temperatures have a direct effect on mortality in two opposite directions: higher temperatures in winter will reduce deaths caused by cold waves, and higher temperatures in summer will increase heat-induced deaths. The distribution of these changes is clearly differentiated. Palutikof et al. Calculated that a rise in average temperature once reduced deaths in winter more than increases caused in summer, resulting in an average annual reduction in mortality of 7000 .

A heat wave hit Europe in August 2003, causing 22,00035,000 deaths above normal mortality (Schär and Jendritzky, 2004). There is 90% certainty that at least half of the disasters in the European summer of 2003 were due to human activities (Stott et al., 2004).

Other scientists have written that every time the average temperature rises by one degree Celsius, there are 24,000 more kills in the United States each year, because rising body heat makes people more irritable. (New Scientist, 11/5/02, review of Body Heat by Mark Blumberg.)

Spread of disease

Global warming has allowed a wider spread of vectors of infectious diseases such as malaria. In poor countries, the number of infectious diseases may increase as a result; in rich countries, such infectious diseases may have been eliminated and controlled by means of dredging and spraying insecticides, and national health may not be damaged as a result, However, the cost of epidemic prevention measures may increase greatly, resulting in economic burden.