What is Haploid?
Haploid cells are cells that consist of only one pair of chromosomes, which are structures in the cell nucleus containing genetic information that are responsible for the transfer of hereditary traits to offspring. While most adult cells in eukaryot organisms are diploid and have two sets of chromosomes each, adult men in the order of insects of insects, wasps and bees are composed of haploid cells. Sperm and egg cells in most organisms also have a haploid nature until they are connected in the fertilization process and do not become diploid. However, some descendants do not require this level of genetic information to fulfill their function. Male wasps, ants and bees contain only haploid cells because they grow from an ohlodn egg on adults. In some types of fungus and algae and structures of haploid cells, they are the norm.
plants have the ability to switch between haploid state and one diploidism or doubleA haploid state, which is now an important feature of plant breeding for the control of genetic features of crops such as barley, tobacco and representation. More than 250 plant species have now been genetically modified as double haploids, using asexual reproduction methods or parthenogenesis to produce offspring without fertilization and eliminating undesirable chromosomes. One of the other advantages of double haploid plants is that their descendants are genetically identical to maternal plants, eliminating crops changes along the line when traditional diploid reproduction occurs.
One of the disadvantages of haploid organisms, whether natural or genetically modified, if it turns out that the gene is defective, there is no identical copy that would perform its function because it exists with diploid cells. Each gene in a haploid organism is effectively expressed, either correctly or negatively affects the health and viability of the organism. However, in exploring the cultures of haploid yeastIt suggests that the mutation rate in organisms is effectively doubled in diploid cells, because haploid cells have only half of as many genes that can mutate.
Evolutionary biology examines the cause of domination of diploid cells and sexual over asexual reproduction for some time. Research shows that haploid -based organisms are more rare, not because they are more vulnerable to environmental stress, but because haploid organisms lose their ability to reproduce. Sexual condition is therefore most likely the primary reason why haploids are rare, although they are less sensitive to harmful mutations that can undergo diploids.