What Are the Best Tips for Production Technicians?

The manual integrates the author's many years of practical operation management experience and professional theoretical teaching foundation in the field, and systematically describes the relevant theory, technical knowledge and practical application skills in the process of sanitary ceramics production. The book is divided into six chapters, including sanitary ceramic raw materials, ingredients, production technology, production equipment, the relationship between technical parameters related to each production process and its process parameters and product characteristics, the causes of various defects and their troubleshooting methods. Special feature.

Sanitary ceramic factory technician manual

This book comprehensively and systematically discusses the relationship between sanitary ceramic raw materials, ingredients, production processes, production equipment, technical parameters related to each production process, their process parameters and product characteristics, the causes of various common defects and their troubleshooting methods. This manual is unique in that it uses the form of charts to intuitively and in detail describe the various relationships between process parameters and related technical parameters of semi-finished and finished products, as well as the causes of common major defects in sanitary ceramic production and their specific Inspection methods make readers easier to understand and apply, analyze and solve various problems encountered in actual production more accurately and quickly, more effectively guide and organize production, improve product quality, and reduce costs; attached with sanitary ceramic blanks 5. The computer calculation program for glaze formula, especially the glaze formula calculation program (QBASIC language program), is original for the author, and after many years of production practice testing, it was first announced to the public, thereby making the calculation of sanitary ceramic glaze formula simple and scientific. And accurate; the book lists many practical formulas collected from the production practice, which has a strong practical reference value.

In recent years, as a sanitary ceramics industrial production and export country, China's sanitary ceramics production has achieved rapid development, production technology and equipment have reached a high level, and production enterprises are constantly expanding and increasing. Many large and medium-sized enterprises have adopted The most advanced production technology and technical equipment at home and abroad, the variety of products is constantly increasing, and the output and quality have been greatly improved.

However, with the advent of the 21st century with the rapid development of science and technology and China's entry into the WTO, the demand for sanitary ceramics at home and abroad is increasing, and the quality requirements for their products are becoming higher and higher. The output is far below the demand of domestic and foreign markets. In order to meet the demand for high-quality products in the sanitary ceramics market at home and abroad, on the basis of adopting the most advanced production processes and technical equipment, sanitary ceramics factories should also have a comprehensive and systematic basic theory and technical knowledge. The ability to analyze and solve various problems encountered in actual production, has a wealth of production experience.

After successfully publishing and publishing the Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile Factory Technician's Manual and being well received and favored by readers in the industry, the author wrote this book at the invitation of the publisher. (1) Using the form of a chart, the various relationships between the process parameters and the relevant technical parameters of the semi-finished and finished products, as well as the reasons for the major defects commonly used in the production of sanitary ceramics, and their specific troubleshooting methods are described in an intuitive and detailed manner. Readers are easier to understand and apply, analyze and solve various problems encountered in actual production more accurately and quickly, guide and organize production more effectively, improve product quality, and reduce costs.

(2) Attached to the computer calculation program of sanitary ceramic blanks and glaze formulas, especially the glaze formula calculation program (QBASIC language program), which was originally created by the author, and after years of production practice testing, it was first announced to the public, thus making sanitary ceramics The calculation of glaze formula is simple, scientific and accurate. This book combines science and practicality, and has high academic and practical value.

(3) The book lists a lot of practical formulas collected from the production practice, which has a strong practical reference value.

This manual scientifically combines the theory of sanitary ceramic production technology with advanced production experience at home and abroad. It is a very practical technical reference book for those who produce, research and learn in the field of sanitary ceramics. Its complex production process and the intricate interrelationships between the factors and parameters of the production process have obtained a systematic, intuitive, and comprehensive understanding, and have better analytical solutions to the causes and troubleshooting of product defects.

In short, this manual is a very useful reference book for technicians in the sanitary ceramics industry, which helps to better understand the performance and reasonable application of various raw materials, and systematically understand the sanitary ceramics production process, which is convenient for analysis and confirmation of production. Causes of common defects, improve the quality and output of online products, and use computers to scientifically calculate blanks and glaze formulas. This manual is written to provide a concise, practical, and easy-to-find desk reference book for technicians in sanitary ceramics factories.

During the preparation of this manual, Mr. Li Zhongxiang, the director of the Ceramics Branch of the Chinese Ceramic Society, the vice chairman of the Building Sanitary Ceramics Professional Committee, and many friends in charge of technical work in the sanitary ceramics factory, such as Mr. Wang Shengji, Mr. Han Zhengyu, Mr. Qu Zhenlong, Mr. Fan Yijin, Ms. Liu Yumei and others expressed their sincere thanks for their strong support and help.

Due to the limited level of authors and the rush of time, it is inevitable that there will be improprieties and errors in the book. Readers are invited to criticize and correct them.

Editor

October 2005

This book combines science and practicality. It can be used as a reference book for sanitary ceramics. It is intended for reading by scientific researchers, production technicians and management cadres engaged in the frontline of sanitary ceramics production. Reading and reference for professionals such as machinery and ceramic kiln, can also be used as a teaching reference book for ceramics teachers and students in colleges and universities.

Chapter 1 Raw Materials

The first section of clay materials

First, the cause of clay

Classification of clay

Composition of clay

Fourth, the technical performance of clay

V. Application of clay in sanitary ceramics production

Section 2 Fertility Materials

First, quartz

Second, clinker and porcelain powder

Section III Flux-Based Materials

I. Feldspar raw materials

Talc

Three, carbonate raw materials

Four, wollastonite raw materials

Five, other flux raw materials

Section 4 Auxiliary Materials

First, zircon

Apatite

Chemical raw materials

Fourth, thinner

Section 5 Standards for Sanitary Ceramic Materials

First, the standard of raw materials for billets

Standards for raw materials for glaze

Section 6 Pigments for Sanitary Ceramic Glaze

Chapter II Ingredients

Section I Overview

First, the basis of ingredients

Second, the representation of the composition of the blank and glaze

Calculation of Section 2 Blank Formula

First, the process of blank formula design

Calculation of Indicative Mineral Composition of Raw Materials and Billets

Third, calculate the amount of billet from the mineral composition

Fourth, calculate the amount of ingredients from the chemical composition

Fifth, calculate the formula from the chemical composition

6. Calculate the chemical composition of the billet experimentally

Seven, calculate the amount of ingredients by experiment

Eight, the calculation of the blank formula when the raw material is replaced

Computer calculation program for billet formula

Ten, example of sanitary porcelain blank formula

Section III Calculation of Glaze Formula

I. Formula design principles

Calculation of Glaze from Chemical Composition

Third, calculate its chemical composition by glaze

Fourth, calculate the amount of glaze by glaze

Five, calculate the glaze from the amount of ingredients

Computer Calculation Program for Glaze Formula

Example of sanitary porcelain glaze recipe

Chapter III Production Technology of Sanitary Ceramics

Section 1 Storage, Handling and Processing of Raw Materials

First, the storage of raw materials

Second, the pretreatment of raw materials

Section 2 Preparation of Sanitary Ceramics

First, the quality requirements of sanitary ceramic blanks

2. Technical performance requirements and influencing factors of billet slurry

Third, the process of blank slurry preparation

Fourth, the determination of billet process indicators

Section III Preparation of Sanitary Ceramic Glaze and Glaze

First, the role, characteristics and classification of sanitary ceramic glaze

Second, the nature of glaze

Performance requirements of sanitary ceramic glaze

Fourth, the process of glaze slurry preparation

Five, the determination of glaze technology indicators

Section 4 Model Preparation

I. Common terms for sanitary ceramic grouting molds

Preparation and performance of gypsum

Design and manufacture of traditional cast plaster models of sanitary ceramics

Fourth, the production of pressure grouting mold

Section 5 molding

First, the principle of grouting

2. Grouting method

3. Grouting process

Section 6 Drying

First, the drying mechanism

Second, the drying process

Third, the drying system

Section 7 Glazing

First, hand-painted glaze

Manipulator spraying glaze

Three, electrostatic spray glaze

Section VIII firing

I. Physical and chemical changes of sanitary ceramic body during firing

Second, the firing system

Chapter IV Sanitary Ceramics Production Equipment

The first section of the crushing equipment

First, the raw crushing equipment

Second, the crushing equipment of raw materials

3.Fine crushing equipment for raw materials

The second section of screening equipment

First, shake the sieve

Second, rotary screen

Third, the shaker

Section 3 Iron Removal Equipment

Section 4 Mud Mixing Equipment

First, the propeller mixer

Frame type mixer

Compressed air mixer

Section 5 Mud Pump

First, electric (mechanical transmission) diaphragm pump

Second, the pneumatic diaphragm pump

Section 6 Molding Equipment

I. Micro-pressure combined (vertical) pouring line

Second, the desktop casting molding line

Third, low-pressure fast drainage combined pouring line

Fourth, medium pressure grouting machine

Five, high pressure grouting machine

Section VII Drying Equipment

First, intermittent drying room

Second, continuous drying room

Section VIII Glazing Equipment

First, manual glaze spray equipment

Mechanical glaze spraying equipment

Three, electrostatic glaze spray equipment

Section IX Burning Equipment

1. Tunnel Kiln

Second, shuttle kiln

Chapter 5 The relationship between the technical parameters related to each production process and its process parameters and product characteristics

The first section of the production process parameters and related technical parameters

Figure 5-1 Process parameters and related technical parameters of mud ball milling process

Figure 5-2 Process parameters and related technical parameters of mud refining process

Figure 5-3 Process parameters and related technical parameters of model manufacturing process

Figure 5-4 Process parameters and related technical parameters of the molding process

Figure 5-5 Process parameters and related technical parameters of the drying process

Figure 5-6 Process parameters and related technical numbers of glaze making process

Figure 5-7 Glazing process parameters and related technical parameters

Figure 5-8 Process parameters and related technical parameters of the firing process

Relation diagram and notes between the process parameters of each production process and its related technical parameters

Figure 5-1a Relationship between process parameters of mud ball milling process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-1a: Relationship between process parameters of mud ball milling process and related technical parameters

Figure 5-2a The relationship between the process parameters and related technical parameters of the mud refining process

Note to Figure 5-2a: The relationship between the process parameters of the mud refining process and its related technical parameters

Figure 5-3a Relationship between the process parameters of the model manufacturing process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-3a: the relationship between the process parameters of the model manufacturing process and their related technical parameters

Figure 5-4a Relationship between the process parameters of the forming process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-4a: the relationship between the process parameters of the molding process and their related technical parameters

Figure 5-5a Relationship between the process parameters of the drying process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-5a: The relationship between the process parameters of the drying process and their related technical parameters

Figure 5-6a Relationship between the process parameters of the glaze making process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-6a: Relationship between the process parameters of the glaze making process and its related technical parameters

Figure 5-7a Relationship between the technical parameters of the glazing process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-7a: Relationship between the process parameters of the glazing process and its related technical parameters

Figure 5-8a Relationship between the process parameters of the firing process and its related technical parameters

Note to Figure 5-8a: Relationship between the process parameters of the firing process and their related technical parameters

Section 3 General Map and Notes on the Relationship between Key Technical Parameters and Characteristics of Semi-finished and Finished Products

Figure 5-9 General relationship between key technical parameters and characteristics of semi-finished and finished products

Annotation to Figure 5-9: Annotation to the general map of key technical parameters and characteristics of semi-finished and finished products

Chapter VI Causes of various defects and their investigation

Section 1 Main Common Defects and Possible Causes

Figure 6-1 Causes of "brown eye" defects

Figure 6-1 Notes on the causes of "brown eye" defects

Figure 6-2 Causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-2 Notes on the causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-3 Causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-3 Notes on the causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-4 Causes of "Lack of Glaze" Defects

Figure 6-4 Notes on the cause of the "missing glaze" defect

Figure 6-5 Causes of "orange glaze" defects

Figure 6-5 Notes on the causes of "orange glaze" defects

Figure 6-6 Causes of "deformation" defects

Figure 6-6 Notes on the causes of "deformation" defects

Figure 6-7 Causes of "glazed ripple" defects

Figure 6-7 Notes on the causes of "glazed ripple" defects

Figure 6-8 Causes of "glazed bubble" defects

Figure 6-8 Notes on the causes of "glazed bubble" defects

Section 2 Flowchart and notes for troubleshooting the cause of each defect

Figure 6-1a The first troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "brown eye" defects

Figure 6-1a Notes to the first troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "brown-eye" defects

Figure 6-1b Second sequence of possible investigations of possible causes of "brown-eye" defects

Figure 6-1b Notes to the second troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "brown eye" defects

Figure 6-2a First sequence diagram of possible causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-2a Notes to the first troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-2b Second sequence diagram of possible causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-2b Notes to the second troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "crack" defects

Figure 6-3a The first troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-3a Notes to the first troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-3b Second sequence diagram of possible causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-3b Notes to the second troubleshooting sequence diagram of possible causes of "spot" defects

Figure 6-4a Sequence diagram of possible causes of "missing glaze" defects

Figure 6-4a Annotation of the sequence diagram of possible causes of "glazed" defects

Figure 6-5a Sequence diagram of possible causes of "orange glaze" defects

Figure 6-5a Annotation of the sequence diagram of possible causes of "orange glaze" defects

Figure 6-6a Sequence diagram of possible causes of "deformation" defects

Figure 6-6a Notes on the sequence diagram of possible causes of "deformation" defects

Figure 6-7a Sequence diagram of possible causes of "glazed ripple" defects

Figure 6-7a Notes on the possible causes of the "glazed ripple" defect

Figure 6-8a Sequence diagram of possible causes of "glazed bubble" defects

Figure 6-8a Annotation of the sequence diagram of possible causes of "glazed bubble" defects

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