What Are the Pros and Cons of Working as a Coal Miner?

Zibo Coal Mine is located in Zichuan and Boshan. It was one of the earlier mines in Shandong Province that used modern machines to produce it. It was successively snatched by Germany and Japan. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century to the period of the First Civil Revolution, workers in Zibo coal mines never stopped fighting for their rights. Especially after the founding of the Communist Party of China, after Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming, Wang Yongzhang and others conducted Marxist propaganda and education in mining areas, a group of advanced elements emerged from the workers' movement, and some party members were developed from it. After the autumn of 1923, the Zibo Mining Branch of the Communist Party of China (also known as the Zichuan Branch, the Zibo Carbon Workers Branch, and the Zichuan Luda Branch) were established in the Zichuan Mining Area. Since then, under the leadership of the party, Zibo workers have begun a more in-depth anti-Japanese anti-oppression struggle. Zibo coal mine workers have been deeply exploited and oppressed by Japanese imperialism. Under the influence of the "May 30th Movement", Zibo coal mine workers have actively participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle. In 1926, the Sino-Japanese joint-stock company Lu Da announced the suspension of work for half a month twice on the pretext of too much coal accumulation and difficult transportation, and suddenly announced a layoff on March 2, 1926, which caused workers in Zichuan Coal Mine. Resolute struggle. The struggle has won, and lessons and lessons have been summarized for future struggles.

Zibo coal mine workers strike

Right!

Zibo Coal Mine is located in

In 1927,

From June 18 to July 11, 1928, the Communist Party of China held the Sixth National Congress in Moscow. The General Assembly passed resolutions such as the "Resolution of Staff and Workers" and revised the party constitution, which played a positive role in promoting the development of the Chinese revolution and the rise of the coal mine workers' movement. After the meeting, local party organizations and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions sent cadres to coal mines in various places, actively restored and established the party and trade union organizations, and led the struggle of workers, so that the coal workers' movement began to revive. In late June 1928, the strike of Zichuan coal mine workers in Shandong was a sign of the revival of the Chinese coal mine workers' movement.

On April 9, 1928, the Kuomintang's new warlord began the second northern expedition. On April 30, Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expedition to occupy Jinan. On May 3, in order to prevent Jiang Jun from going northward, Japanese imperialists sent troops to Jinan under the pretext of "protecting the diaspora", creating a "Jinan tragedy" that shocked China and abroad. The Jinan tragedy sparked an anti-Japanese tide across the country, the workers 'movement took a turn for the better, and the Zichuan charcoal mine workers' movement was gradually revived. In April 1928, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China held the third meeting of the entire executive committee, passed the "Resolution of the Current Political Situation and the Task of the Party", analyzed the situation in Shandong, and clarified its tasks during the period of political change. It was proposed to "conscientiously start a workers' movement, put forward the economic demands of the masses, make extensive propaganda among the masses, and launch the masses' economic struggle. In the struggle, establish the foundation of mass organizations and the party and break the masses' illusions about the Kuomintang." He also pointed out: "In order to establish the party's organizational foundation and work foundation, the Provincial Party Committee should concentrate all human and financial resources in Jinan, Qingdao, Zi Zhang,

In order to put an end to the revolutionary flames of the workers 'struggle in the mining area, the Kuomintang government vigorously organized the yellow trade unions while robbing the Communist Party of China to rob the leadership of the workers' movement. In October 1929, the KMT Shandong Party Department announced the establishment of the "Zibo Special Zone Trade Union Preparatory Committee." This yellow union leader has different political tendencies and factions. At the end of the year, South Korea s director of the Preparatory Committee was forced to leave Zichuan because he was sympathetic to the revolution and sympathized with the workers. The Preparatory Committee also stopped activities. In 1930, the former Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Party Affairs Consolidation Committee appointed Zang Huanian, Hu Jianmin, Zhang Xiaochu and other nine people to form the "Zibo District Mining Union Consolidation Committee". In February 1931, the "Zibo District Mining Industry Trade Union Council" was established, with Gu Chi, Liu Mingyue, and Li Wencheng as executive directors. With the slogan of "coordination of labor and capital", the "Industrial Development Commission" and "Zibo Mining Industry Union Council" attempted to stifle the Zibo coal mine workers' movement. On the one hand, they indoctrinate workers with the idea of "serving the law and obeying the law", and require them to carry out activities within the limits allowed by the capitalists, and try to lure them into the path of compromise. On the other hand, they secretly collude with Chinese and Japanese mining capitalists to sell their interests and become repressive workers. The accomplice of the movement. On May 3, 1930, the Japanese capitalist of the Nanding Mining Institute announced the suspension of work for no reason, expelling all the workers from the factory, and no wages were owed. More than a thousand workers could not bear it. On the 5th, they surrounded the mining industry with wooden sticks. "It is not only forbidden to Japanese people to enter, but also to cut off all traffic and detain food." They stopped water and electricity, demanded immediate resumption of work, and increased wages. Zhan Huanian, the head of the Institute of Industry and Commerce, acted as worker representative to coordinate with Gao Xianda, director of the mining industry, director of Zichuan County, director of the Second Mining Bureau, members of the Provincial Government's Department of Industry and Commerce, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Mining. The so-called "resumption of work" agreement was signed on May 15. The first article of the agreement is "After the return to work, workers must obey the proper instructions of the company's supervisors." Not only did the workers fail to raise their wages, but the Japanese miners gained the authority to punish unscrupulous workers wantonly. In March 1931, the Zichuan Charcoal Ore Mining and Mining Police unreasonably abused and detained the workers Li Jiying and Li Changxi, which aroused the indignation of the workers in this submining. More than 100 miners gathered to speak with the mine police. Police officer Wu Jinduo assaulted Li Jiying and fired at a worker. The miners immediately transferred more than 100 mine police officers, surrounded the scene, arrested 3 workers and stripped them torture and tortured, which caused the resistance of all workers in the Zichuan Coal Mine. They asked the yellow union to make representations to the company and openly report to the company. Workers apologize and compensate workers for their losses. Qin Qirong of the KMT Shandong Provincial Party Affairs Organizing Committee and members of the yellow trade unions Gu Chi and Li Wencheng have protested against the workers and threatened to "don't cause trouble, if you do nt know the reform, and still want to be private, then the law and the law are there" Suppress it. All these actions of the yellow trade unions have brightened the eyes of the workers and made the workers recognize their true colors, thereby breaking the illusions and repeatedly conducting strikes to break the control of the yellow trade unions. In 1931, more than 150 workers, including Du Xianghui, a worker from the Zichuan Carbon Ore Valley, and other workers, went on strike, demanding higher wages and better treatment, which gave a powerful blow to the newly established "Zibo District Mining Industry Trade Union Council". In July 1932, the "Mining Association" formed by local coal mine capitalists in Zibo formulated a resolution: starting from July 7, all companies will reduce their wages by a quarter. Workers of various mines rose up to oppose and went on strike from 7th to 9th. In addition to Luda and Bodong, the counties in Zichuan and Boshan counted more than 10,000 participants. Mining capitalists lose more than 4,000 yuan a day. In the same year, Bodong's workers asked for an increase in wages. The Chinese and Japanese capitalists did not reply and unreasonably fired 7 workers. This caused a strike by all workers and completely stopped production. However, due to the collusion between the Kuomintang government and Japanese imperialism and the implementation of white terror, the Zibo Coal Mine Party organization was repeatedly destroyed, the workers' movement lost the leadership of the revolutionary party, and the deception and control of the yellow trade unions were strangled. The revolutionary struggle of Zibo coal mine workers has reached a low tide. ^[1]