What Does a Plant Pathologist Do?

Chen Shanming, plant pathologist, agricultural educator. Mainly engaged in the control and research of wheat diseases and insect pests, with outstanding achievements. He has won the 1978 Science Conference Award and the National Natural Science Second Prize. He has obtained important results in the research and control of plant nematode and plant quarantine. Development has made outstanding contributions.

Chen Shanming

(Plant Pathologist)

Chen Shanming,

Chen Shanming, born on August 12, 1909

At this time, the US military introduced penicillium from the United Kingdom, hoping to select a more effective strain from it. Because Chen Shanming was engaged in the study of mycobacterial variation, the University of Minnesota hired him to lead the research on penicillium mutation research, and achieved ideal results in less than 10 months. However, due to some restrictions, the results could not be published publicly. Chen Shanming suddenly received in 1944

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the North China Agricultural Proving Ground was reorganized into the North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences, and Chen Shanming presided over the work of the Department of Diseases and Pests. Under his auspices, the Department of Pests and Diseases changed the practice of investigating and identifying only the species of pests and diseases in the past, not combining production. He assisted in 1953

During the "Cultural Revolution", Chen Shanming successively devolved

At the end of 1975, Chen Shanming was forced to apply for retirement due to physical and other reasons. After the fall of the Gang of Four, he was deeply encouraged and thought about the development direction of the disciplines of plant protection and plant pathology. After several years of thinking, he decided that China's plant protection scientific research cause should use new modern biological technologies in emerging disciplines such as molecular genetics and cell biology, and start plant resistance based on China's rich crop germplasm and microbial resources Application of basic research on pathogenicity, pathogenicity of pathogens, and related disease control is an important way for China's plant pathology research to reach the international advanced level in a short period of time. He decided to use his own wheat disease laboratory as a pilot. Since 1982, he has carried out genetic and physiological research of rust fungi, cell selection of plant disease-resistant mutants, and biological control of soil-borne diseases. On this basis, a plant disease biotechnology task force was formally established. For the smooth development of scientific research, Chen Shanming went around searching for personnel and selecting topics until the experimental equipment was raised. On the one hand, he encouraged young people to be creative, bold in their thinking, diligently study, and explore new fields. After several years of efforts, a plant tissue culture system has been initially established. In wheat, root-rot-resistant mutant cell selection technology, transposon mutagenesis and recombinant DNA technology are used to create highly effective strains for controlling soil-borne diseases. Pseudomonas fluorescens action mechanism Research on molecular genetic analysis of related genes has reached international standards. Moreover, the wheat straw rust fungus protoplast culture and plant gray-host bacteria genetic transformation and expression have been successful for the first time in the world. These illustrate the keen insights peculiar to older scientists.

Chen Shanming has served

In the 1950s, research on crop nematode disease in China was almost blank. In 1953, Chen Shanming led the young comrades to carry out pilot work on wheat nematode control at Dingxian County. They publicized the life history and infestation methods of wheat nematodes, imparted control technology, and vigorously promoted the wheat nematode disease killing machine, and achieved good results. The rate of wheat seeds that had been treated by the killing machine dropped to less than 0.5%. . He personally summarized the results and experience of this work, and wrote it as "1953 Wheat Nematode Investigation and Control Research Report in Hebei Province", which attracted attention from relevant parties. He also assisted the Ministry of Agriculture in formulating a plan to control the top ten pests and diseases, and compiled a booklet on the elimination of wheat nematodes for promotion and application in various places, which played a good role in controlling wheat nematodes in China. In the late 1950s, he and

In 1950, the stripe rust epidemic in winter wheat area nationwide was widespread, and 6 billion kg of wheat was lost. To this end, the Ministry of Agriculture specially held a national wheat rust symposium to study and formulate prevention and control programs and organize nationwide collaborative research. Chen Shanming was the leader of the study on the epidemic law of wheat stripe rust in North China. He organized a group of Zhou Jiaping and others from the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Plant quarantine is an important department of plant protection. In 1953, Chen Shanming accompanied Soviet experts to inspect China's quarantine situation. He learned that this work is still very weak in China, and he hopes to attract attention. Later, the Ministry of Agriculture set up a plant quarantine laboratory, and Chen Shanming was hired as a consultant for the plant. During this period, he put forward many constructive opinions on the determination of quarantine objects and the deployment of staff.

Born in Beijing on August 12, 1909.

He graduated from the Department of Biology of Tsinghua University in 1931.

From 1931 to 1932, he was a teaching assistant at Tsinghua University.

19321934 Assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Beijing Normal University, working in the Institute of Static Biological Investigation.

From 1935 to 1936, he was an instructor of Tianjin Hebei Fisheries School.

1936-1943 Department of Plant Pathology and Applied Botany, University of Minnesota, USA, Master's degree in 1941, Doctor's degree in 1943.

In 1944, he was a researcher at the University of Minnesota, engaged in mutagenesis.

From 1945 to 1948, he was technically corrected by the Central Agricultural Experiment Institute, and later worked in the Peiping Agricultural Experimental Farm.

From 1949 to 1956, he was a researcher and director of the Department of Diseases and Insect Pests of North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences, engaged in wheat disease research and development of plant nematode disease and other research work.

From 1957 to 1987, he successively served as a researcher, deputy director and consultant of the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, working on wheat stripe rust.

1 Chen Shanming. Lilac of China. Chinese Journal of Botany, 1934 (1): 159-168.

2 Wang Huanru, Chen Shanming, Liang Xunsheng. Preliminary report on the research of wheat straw rust in Northeast China. China Agricultural Research, 1950 (2): 37-47.

3 Chen Shanming. Selecting and retaining seeds is a good way to control crop smut. North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences Work Bulletin, 1950, 2 (2): 15, 3.

4 Chen Shanming. Several issues on the control of wheat yellow rust. Agricultural Science Bulletin, 1950, 2 (5): 3-4.

5 Chen Shanming, Zhang Wanfen. Step-by-step analysis of fungi on food crops in North China. China Agricultural Research, 1950, 1 (1): 21-29.

6 Chen Shanming. What are plant diseases and what we should know about control. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences, 1951, 3 (1): 32-33.

7 Chen Shanming. Understanding of wheat stripe rust test. Agricultural Science Bulletin, 1951, 3 (2): 38.

8 Ker kamp, MFDJ Dezeeuw, SMChen, Ortaga, CT Tsiang and AMKhan. Investigations on physiologic specialization and parasitism of Rhizoctonia solani. Minn.Univ.Agr.Expt.Sta.Tech.Bull., 200.

9 Chen Shanming, Cao Yong, Wang Kening, Yang Zongqi. Do a good job of pest control before spring sowing. Agricultural Science Bulletin, 1953, 5 (2): 48-49.

10 Chen Shanming. How to treat wheat seeds to increase wheat yield. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences, 1954, 6 (7): 351-352.

11 Hebei High Yield Experimental Research Committee. 1953 Investigation and control research report of wheat nematode disease in Hebei Province. Agricultural Science Bulletin, 1954, 6 (5): 226-230.

12 Chen Shanming. Wheat nematode disease. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences, 1956, 8 (3): 187-189.

13 Chen Shanming, Wang Kening. The effect of using rusty year crepe wheat on yield. North China Agricultural Sciences, 1957, 1 (1): 39-42.

14 Chen Shanming, Zhou Jiaping, Li Ruibi, Wang Kening, etc. Study on the epidemic regularity of winter wheat stripe rust in North China. Journal of Plant Pathology, 1957, 3 (1): 63-85.

15 Chen Shanming. Studies on the Utilization of Rust Resistance of Wheat Varieties in China and Existing Problems · Chinese Plant Protection Science. Chief Editor, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1961, 292-306.

16 Working Group of Wheat Rust in Xuhuai, Jiangsu. Situation and control experience of wheat rust in Xuhuai region. China Agricultural News, 1964 (9): 42-46.

17 Chen Shanming, Chen Pinsan, Zheng Jialan, Li Lili. Life history of millet nematode pathogen. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection, 1962, 1 (1): 15-24.

18 Chen Shanming, Zheng Jialan, Li Lili. Research on millet nematode control. Chinese Journal of Plant Protection, 1962, 1 (3): 221-230.

19 Wang Kening, Hong Xiwu, Chen Shanming, Ji Liang, etc. Preliminary report on the genetic law of resistance of wheat varieties to stripe rust. Journal of Plant Pathology, 1963, 6 (2): 197-207.

20 Chen Shanming. The epidemic of tobacco downy mildew in recent years and its problems. Plant Protection, 1964, 2 (5): 225-226.

21 Chen Shanming. Tobacco downy mildew. Plant quarantine, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1979, 62-74.

22 Chen Shanming. Some problems of current wheat stripe rust control. Plant Protection, 1983, 9 (2): 10-11.

23 Peng Yufa, Chen Shanming. A preliminary study on the control of Pseudomonas fluorescens Tn5 mutagenic strains against wheat total erosion. Journal of Plant Pathology, 1990, 20 (3): 229-233.

24 Chen Shanming. More than thirty spring and autumn challenges to wheat diseases: the epidemic system of wheat stripe rust in China · 100 cases of basic research in China. Editor-in-Chief, Institute of Science and Technology Policy and Management Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Energy Press, 1990, 515-519.

25 Zhang Zhongge, Peng Yufa, Chen Shanming. Discussion on the occurrence status and control measures of wheat total erosion. Plant Protection, 1991, 17 (1): 19-20.

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