What Are the Different Types of Neurological Disorders?

Including cerebrovascular disease, periodic paralysis, progressive muscular dystrophy, tonic muscular dystrophy, ataxia.

Chinese name: Nervous system disease

Foreign name: nervous system disease

Causes of neurological diseases and common diseases

1 Nervous System Diseases , Cerebrovascular Diseases

Cardiac damage of acute cerebrovascular disease, often without clinical symptoms, is mainly manifested in abnormal electrocardiogram. ECG changes can occur within hours of onset. The ECG changes caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage have high specificity, mainly manifested by abnormal QRS complexes, giant T waves, giant U waves, and prolonged QT interval.

Mechanism of occurrence:

The mechanism of ECG changes caused by cerebrovascular diseases is unclear, and may be related to factors such as dysfunction of the autonomic central nervous system in the lower thalamus, electrolyte disturbance, increased adrenaline secretion, subendocardial myocardial ischemia, injury and necrosis, and catecholamine-induced myocardial damage.

2 Nervous System Diseases 2, Periodic Paralysis

Clinically, it is characterized by repeated episodes of delayed paralysis accompanied by changes in blood potassium concentration.

3 Nervous system diseases 3.Progressive muscular dystrophy

It belongs to recessive inheritance. It is passed from mother to offspring. Half of the sons become ill and half of the daughters become carriers. The patients were almost all men.

4 Nervous System Diseases 4, Tonic Muscular Dystrophy

It is an autosomal dominant inherited, multi-system disease with slow progressive sexual development, with more men than women.

5 Nervous system diseases 5.Ataxia

It is a common type of hereditary ataxia of the spinal cord type. It is autosomal recessive, with more men than women.

Differential diagnosis of nervous system diseases

1 Nervous System Diseases , Cerebrovascular Diseases:

[ECG diagnosis]

1. The abnormally high peak of P wave is greater than 0.25mV.

2. Transient acute myocardial infarction waveform appeared, ST segment decreased significantly, and T wave inversion was deep.

3. An infarct Q wave appears.

4. R wave amplitude increases.

5. QRS time widened.

6. There is a huge J wave at the end of QRS, which is bidirectional or unidirectional.

7. Huge T wave can be upright, bidirectional or inverted.

8. QT interval prolonged, QT interval dispersion increased.

2 Nervous system disease 2, periodic paralysis:

(1) Low potassium type

Common, the onset begins in adolescents, often at night. The serum potassium concentration was below 3.5 mmol / L at the time of the onset. The degree of ECG abnormality is positively correlated with the decrease of serum potassium.

1. The U wave increases, which is higher than the T wave of the same lead. The U wave increase is most obvious in the leads V ₂ V ₅ .

2. T wave amplitude is reduced or inverted.

3. ST segment drops.

4. Sinus tachycardia, P wave amplitude decreased, PR interval prolonged.

5. Arrhythmias, ventricular premature beats, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and once AV block. Multi-source premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter, or ventricular fibrillation can occur when serum potassium is severely decreased.

6. Intermittent ECGs are mostly normal.

(Two) high potassium

Elevated serum potassium concentration during the episode. 1. T wave towers like a tent.

2. The P wave amplitude decreases, and the P wave disappears in those with severe potassium.

3. PR interval extended.

4. QRS time is extended.

5. QT interval extended.

6. Sinus-ventricular conduction rhythm, cardiac block, severe cardiac arrest.

3 Nervous system diseases 3.Progressive muscular dystrophy

The evidence of cardiac damage in this disease is an abnormal electrocardiogram.

_{1. There} is a high R wave in lead V1, which is Rs, RS type.

2. I, aVL, V ₄ to V ₆ lead deep and narrow Q waves.

3. Sinus tachycardia is common.

4. Conduction disorders, mostly intra-atrial block and occasional bundle branch block.

5. Atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation.

4 Nervous System Diseases 4, Tonic Muscular Dystrophy:

ECG changes in most patients.

1. Arrhythmia has a degree of atrioventricular block, widened QRS, sinus bradycardia, atrial premature beat, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular beat, and supraventricular tachycardia.

2. The left side of the electric axis is 19%.

3. The P-wave voltage decreases and ST-T is abnormal. Normal coronary angiography showed abnormal Q waves, indicating local myocardial dystrophy.

5 Nervous System Disease 5. Ataxia:

Cardiac involvement is often insidious, mainly manifested as abnormal electrocardiograms:

1. The T wave is flat, bidirectional or inverted, and the movement can be turned upright.

2. Left ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular hypertrophy, and bilateral ventricular hypertrophy.

3. Arrhythmia: sinus tachycardia, premature ventricular beat, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, bundle branch block and so on.

Neurological disease treatment principles

1 Nervous System Diseases , Cerebrovascular Diseases:

A head mount is installed during routine treatment, epidural anesthesia, craniotomy using a hand drill or electric drill, CT (Computed Tomography) / DSA (Cerebrovascular Digital Subtraction Angiography) examination results after craniotomy, and arteries The tumor is pinched, and the patient's hematoma is detected, after which the hematoma is removed or drainage is performed.

2 Nervous system disease 2, periodic paralysis:

Periodic paralysis is a group of autosomal dominant hereditary myopathies characterized by recurrent flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscles. Most of them are accompanied by a decrease in serum potassium, and they can also be seen as increased or normal. According to the changes of serum potassium and clinical characteristics at the time of the onset, it is divided into three types of low potassium type, positive potassium type and high potassium type. Treatment for hypokalemic cyclic paralysis was given orally with 30% 10% potassium chloride solution at the time of onset, once an hour until the time of improvement. Onset of high potassium periodic paralysis can be intravenously or orally with glucose solution or injected with insulin 10-20U.

3 Neurological diseases 3. Progressive muscular dystrophy:

Mainly supportive and symptomatic treatment. Appropriately increase nutrition, pay attention to exercise and prevent complications. Use the support frame to help stand and walk, massage, body treatment to reduce contractures, deformities are corrected in advance. No special effective therapy. Prevention is essential.

Drug treatment can try ATP, glucose, insulin, allopurinol, etc. or delay the condition. Growth hormones, calcium antagonists, vitamin E, inosine and the like can also be used.

4 Nervous System Diseases 4, Tonic Muscular Dystrophy:

Today, there is no complete cure for tonic muscle dystrophy. The purpose of treatment is mainly to improve symptoms and delay the progress of the disease. At the same time of drug treatment, diet and health care are also very important. In terms of diet, eat more protein-rich foods such as fish, shrimp, milk, lean meat, and fresh vegetables and fruits. Do not eat cold, spicy food that is difficult to digest, and avoid tobacco and alcohol. Pay attention to weather changes and avoid colds. Maintaining an optimistic attitude and participating in a certain amount of physical exercise are also conducive to the recovery of the disease.