What Are Transmission-Based Precautions?

Standard prevention refers to the integration of many characteristics of general prevention and material isolation in the hospital. The patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, and excreta are considered to be infectious and need to be isolated, regardless of whether there is obvious blood contamination or incomplete contact The skin and mucous membranes, and those who come into contact with the above substances must take precautionary measures ^[1] . Adopting contact isolation, droplet isolation, and air isolation according to the route of transmission are successful and effective measures to prevent nosocomial infections.

1 Isolation object: Treat all patients' blood, body fluids, secretions, and excreta as infectious and need to be isolated.

2 Protection: Implement two-way protection to prevent two-way transmission of disease.

3 Isolation measures: Establish contact, air, and droplet isolation measures based on the transmission route. The focus is on hand washing and timing.

1. Emphasize two-way prevention

Preventing the spread of disease from patients to paramedics

Preventing the spread of disease from healthcare workers to patients

2. Prevent the spread of blood-borne diseases

3. Prevent the spread of non-blood-borne diseases

4. According to the main transmission route of the disease, adopt isolation measures: contact isolation, air isolation, droplet isolation.

1.Standard prevention for the entire process of performing operations for patients

2, regardless of whether the patient is diagnosed or can be infected with infectious diseases

3.Including basic measures such as washing hands, wearing gloves, isolating clothes, wearing protective glasses and face masks, etc.

4. Wear gloves when performing operations that may come in contact with the patient's body fluids and blood

5. Wash hands after removing gloves after operation and disinfect hands if necessary

6. It is possible that blood and body fluids may splash onto the face of medical staff: wear masks and protective glasses with permeability resistance

7. There may be a large area of blood and body fluid splashing to pollute the body: wear a barrier or apron with anti-permeability

8. The skin of the hand may be in contact with the patient's blood and body fluids: wear double gloves

9. During the operation of wearing gloves, avoid touching the cleaned area or items with the contaminated gloves.

10. During the invasive diagnosis and treatment and nursing operations:

Ensure sufficient light

Pay special attention to prevent puncture / scratch by sharp objects such as needles, suture needles, and blades

11. Anti-stabbing of sharps after use:

Insert the sharp-proof and leak-proof sharps box directly

Use safety syringes and infusion sets

12.Immediately clean the polluted environment

13. It is forbidden to re-attach the disposable needle after use.

14. It is forbidden to directly touch the used needles and blade sharpeners by hand.

15. Ensure proper waste disposal

People transporting waste must wear thick latex cleaning gloves

You must wear protective glasses when handling body fluid waste

1. Wash your hands: When contact with blood, body fluids, feces, secretions may cause contamination, wash your hands after using gloves or use a quick hand disinfectant.

2. Gloves: when in contact with blood, body fluids, excreta, secretions and damaged

Standard prevention is an important strategy for nosocomial infection control, and it is also an important measure for medical personnel to do a good job of occupational protection to protect the safety of patients. In 1996, the U.S. Hospital Infection Control Advisory Committee (HICPAC) revised the quarantine system to synthesize many features of universal prevention and physical isolation in the body to form standard prevention. Standard prevention was introduced into China in 1999, and was incorporated into the "Hospital Infection Management Code (Trial)" promulgated by the Ministry of Health in 2000 ^[2] .