What Causes Mental Retardation in Children?

Children's mental retardation (mentAlretArdAtion, MR) is a group of diseases in which the general intellectual function is significantly lower than the same age level during the developmental period, and the same amount is accompanied by adaptive behavioral defects.

Children with mental retardation

Children's mental retardation (mentAlretArdAtion, MR) is a group of diseases in which the general intellectual function is significantly lower than the same age level during the developmental period, and the same amount is accompanied by adaptive behavioral defects.

nickname

Children with mental retardation

TCM disease name

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is 2.0 standard deviations below the average of the population (the average IQ of the population is set to 100, and the IQ of one standard deviation is 15). Generally, the IQ below 70 (or 75) means that the intelligence is significantly lower than the average level. Adaptive behavior includes two aspects: personal living ability and fulfilling social responsibilities. Developmental period generally refers to under 18 years of age. There are various names for mental retardation. "Psychiatry

The prevalence of MR varies according to the definition of MR, diagnostic criteria, sampling methods, and psychological testing methods prescribed in each survey. According to the United States

The prevalence of MR varies according to the definition of MR, diagnostic criteria, sampling methods, and psychological testing methods prescribed in each survey. According to the United States

Generally based on IQ and adaptive behavioral defects, MR is classified into mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe.

1. Mild MR psychiatry is also called stupidity.

IQ is 50-70, with mild defects in adaptive behavior.

Early development is slightly slower than normal children, and is not as lively as normal children, and lacks interest in surroundings.

Do things or follow the rules, or act rudely.

Speech development is slightly later, and less abstract vocabulary is mastered.

Poor analytical skills and superficial understanding problems.

The academic performance is worse than that of ordinary children. They can recite texts, but they cannot be used correctly.

Practical skills and practical reading and billboard skills are available through special education.

When you grow up, you can do general housework and simple specific work.

In the event of lack of opinion, strong dependence, not good at coping with external changes, vulnerable to the influence and domination of others.

Can adapt to society under guidance.

2. Moderate MR is also called foolishness.

IQ ranges from 35 to 49, with moderate defects in adaptive behavior.

The whole development is slower than normal children.

The language function is not fully developed, the words are not clear, and the vocabulary is scarce. Only simple concrete thinking can be performed, and abstract concepts are not easy to establish.

The ability to discern the surrounding environment is poor, and only the surface and fragment phenomena of things can be recognized.

There is no progress in reading and computing.

After long-term education and training, you can learn simple interpersonal effects, basic hygiene habits, safety habits and simple manual techniques.

3. Severe MR is also known as foolishness.

IQ is 20-34, severe deficiency of adaptive behavior.

Early years in all aspects

Diagnose based on

First, the presence or absence of MR should be determined according to IQ, adaptive behavior, and age of onset, and then the cause of MR should be further searched. During the diagnosis process, children's growth and development history should be collected in detail, physical and neuropsychological examinations should be comprehensively performed, and the growth and development indicators of children of different ages at different developmental stages should be compared and compared with normal children of the same age to determine their intelligence level and adaptability. Make a clinical judgment. At the same time, with appropriate intelligence tests, a diagnosis can be made and the severity of MR can be determined. First, the presence or absence of MR should be determined according to IQ, adaptive behavior, and age of onset, and then the cause of MR should be further searched. During the diagnosis process, children's growth and development history should be collected in detail, physical and neuropsychological examinations should be comprehensively performed, and the growth and development indicators of children of different ages at different developmental stages should be compared and compared with normal children of the same age to determine their intelligence level and adaptability. Make a clinical judgment. At the same time, with appropriate intelligence tests, a diagnosis can be made and the severity of MR can be determined.

1. Medical history collection (1) Family history: It should be known whether the parents are married to close relatives, whether there are blind, dumb,

Treatment principles

1. Etiology has been identified, such as chronic disease, poisoning, long-term

1. Primary prevention includes the following: health education and nutrition guidance; prenatal and perinatal health care (high-risk pregnancy management, neonatal intensive care, discouraging pregnant women from drinking and smoking, avoiding or discontinuing drugs that adversely affect fetal development) ); immunization of infectious diseases (virus, bacteria, protozoa); genetic metabolic examination and counseling (avoid marriage between close relatives, find carriers); environmental protection (prevent physical and chemical pollution, poisoning and noise damage); reduce the brain Traumas and accidents, correct treatment of brain diseases, control of seizures; strengthen preschool education and early training; prohibit neglect and abuse of children. The purpose of these measures is to prevent the occurrence of MR.

2. Secondary prevention measures include: Follow-up of high-risk neonates, early detection of disease, and treatment. In particular, attention should be paid to the supply of early nutrition (protein and trace elements such as iron, zinc, etc.) and appropriate environmental stimulation for good intellectual development. Role; regular health checks on preschool children (physical, nutritional, mental and psychological development, vision and hearing); screening for metabolic diseases of newborns (such as hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria); prenatal diagnosis, amniotic fluid Examinations (chromosomal diseases, neural tube defects, metabolic diseases). Secondary prevention mainly consists of early diagnosis and special treatment.

3. Tertiary prevention requires comprehensive prevention from society, school, and family. Early detection of MR, early intervention and stimulation; effective help to the family, keeping the family structure intact, and improving the function of children with MR. The fundamental approach to prevention is to continuously deepen the research on the etiology of MR. Only by taking measures against the cause can prevention be more effective.