What Causes Scar Tissue in the Lungs?

Laryngeal tracheal stenosis refers to larynx or tracheal lumen narrowing of the airway due to hypertrophic scars in the lumen, resulting in dysfunction such as sound and / or breathing. It is a common disease of chronic laryngotracheal obstruction, mostly caused by trauma.

Basic Information

Visiting department

ENT

Common locations

Throat, trachea

Common causes

Caused by trauma, special infection, congenital disease, etc.

Common symptoms

Hoarseness or aphasia

Causes of laryngotracheal scar stenosis

Laryngotracheal scar stenosis is formed by scar tissue of the larynx caused by various etiologies, and the laryngotracheal cavity narrows, affecting respiratory and vocal functions.

Trauma

Such as partial laryngectomy, inhalation of chemical caustics, long-term tracheal intubation, high tracheotomy and so on.

2. Special infection

Such as syphilis, leprosy and other ulcerative lesions, scars formed after healing, stenosis occurred.

3. Congenital diseases

Laryngeal dysplasia, malformations of the small larynx.

Clinical manifestations of laryngotracheal stenosis

Common symptoms are hoarseness or aphasia. Those who have scar scar on the larynx and trachea have symptoms such as dyspnea, sore throat, cough with sticky sputum, and coughing when eating, and severe systemic symptoms such as irritability, rapid breathing and heartbeat, cyanosis of the lips, etc. Heart, lung, brain and other important organs caused by hypoxia. Traumatic scarring laryngotracheal stenosis occurs during the scar formation period after injury, and the symptoms of airway obstruction caused by tracheal intubation can occur months or even years after extubation.

Laryngeal tracheal stenosis

Indirect laryngoscopy, deformation of the laryngeal cavity, unclear vocal cord marks, scar hyperplasia or adhesion, limited or complete fixation, X-ray radiographs, tomograms, or CT clearly identify the site of the stenosis, extent, scope, and presence of cartilage stent defects The displacement is of great significance for guiding the operation.

Diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis

It is easy to make a clear diagnosis based on medical history, clinical symptoms, physical examination and imaging examination.

Treatment of laryngotracheal scar stenosis

Treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis is tricky and is often referred to as refractory laryngostenosis.

Tracheostomy

Mainly to solve the patient's breathing difficulties.

2. Dilation therapy

That is, under the direct laryngoscope through the mouth or through the tracheal incision retrograde upwards, using different types of expanders to gradually expand the stenosis, usually once every 7 to 10 days. The dilation method is only suitable for people with less stenosis and no cartilage scaffold deformation, displacement or defect.

3. Laryngotracheoplasty

The laryngeal and / or trachea are routinely cut. According to the scar formation, the scar can be removed submucosally and placed in a silicone rubber T-shaped tube to support it. If the degree of stenosis is not severe, and the scar is longer and more stable, the scar or the trachea may not be touched, and the larynx or trachea is only cut, and then the pedicled hyoid bone and cartilage rib cartilage are embedded. Those who place silicone T-tubes often need to wear the tube for months to 2 years.

Prevention of laryngotracheal scar stenosis

Laryngotracheal stenosis is complicated and changeable and is more common in children. Treatment is more difficult. Therefore, it is very important to prevent trauma and disease infection.