What Is Impact Biomechanics?

Human impact biomechanics is mainly to study the problem of high-speed short-time load on human body. Shock injuries are injuries caused by shock waves, which are caused by the propagation of shock waves in the body. Impact biomechanics is the study of biomechanics in the fields of impact injury mechanism, human tissue mechanical response, and human tolerance. It has extensive theoretical and application value in the fields of rehabilitation engineering, death protection, military aerospace, and sports medicine. There are three main research methods of impact biomechanics: biological model research method, mechanical model research method and digital model research method.

Human impact biomechanics is mainly to study the problem of high-speed short-time load on human body. Shock injuries are injuries caused by shock waves, which are caused by the propagation of shock waves in the body. Impact biomechanics is the study of biomechanics in the fields of impact injury mechanism, human tissue mechanical response, and human tolerance. It has extensive theoretical and application value in the fields of rehabilitation engineering, death protection, military aerospace, and sports medicine. There are three main research methods of impact biomechanics: biological model research method, mechanical model research method and digital model research method.

Research Contents of Impact Biomechanics

The research content of impact biomechanics is roughly divided into five aspects, namely damage mechanism, biomechanical response, human endurance to shock, human shock substitute and damage protection. The mechanism of injury is to explore the mechanical factors of human anatomy and functional damage, and it is the basis of the biomechanical research of impact injury. Current research suggests that the mechanism of blunt impact damage is that the degree of tissue deformation or strain exceeds its natural recovery limit. Biomechanical response refers to the time history of changes in the shape of human tissues or organs caused by force. The measurement and analysis of shock biomechanical response is the premise of establishing a mathematical model, and it is also the basis for formulating damage assessment standards. The establishment of the injury level enables the degree of physical injury to be quantified. Tolerance refers to the level of force or acceleration that the body or parts of the body can resist to a particular level of injury. This particular level has individual differences due to age, gender, and physique, so tolerance is now understood as the force or acceleration level corresponding to the probability of a particular injury occurring at a given injury level. The biggest difficulty in shock damage biomechanics research is that it is impossible to carry out damaging experimental research on living people. Therefore, other means must be used for research, including volunteer experiments, human corpse experiments, dummy experiments, animal experiments, mathematical models, etc. As far as substitutes are concerned, the dummy is an ideal substitute for system dynamic environmental assessment and protection performance assessment. Another form of human substitute is a mathematical model. Mathematical models can theoretically predict the possibility of injury events, reduce the number of complex experiments and save money. Protecting the human body from injury or reducing the degree of injury in the impact environment is the ultimate goal of impact injury biomechanics research.

Shock Biomechanics Extended Reading and References:

[1] Cheng Zilong. Research progress of human shock biomechanics. Proceedings of the 4th National Human-Machine-Environmental System Engineering Conference, 1999: 10

[2] Liu Bingkun. Advances in impact damage biomechanics. Aerospace Medicine and Medical Engineering. 1999, 12 (1): 62-65.

[3] Wang Lizhen. Biomechanical study on the impact resistance of woodpecker head. PhD dissertation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.

[4] Liu Xiaoyu. Biomechanical research of eye injury. PhD dissertation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.

[5] Alber t IK .Prog ress of research on impact biomechanics.J of Biomechanical Engineering, 1993, 115 (4B): 582-587

[6] David CV, Albert IK, John WM .Injury biomechanics research: an essential element in the prevention of trauma [J] .J of Biomechanics, 1989, 22: 403-417