What Is Organic Brain Syndrome?

A mental disorder caused by an organic brain disease or injury is called an cerebral organic mental disorder, which is characterized by the pathological physiology and morphological changes of the brain. These changes have a clear causal relationship with mental abnormalities, such as cerebral degenerative diseases, cerebral blood vessels Disease, brain inflammation, brain tumors, brain trauma and other mental disorders. Organic brain syndrome is characterized by defects in orientation, memory, understanding, calculation, learning ability and judgment ability. There may be shallow or variable emotions, or more persistent mood disorders, decreased ethical standards and exaggerated or revealed personality traits, and impaired ability to make independent decisions.

Overview of common organic brain syndromes:

1) Acute brain syndrome

2) chronic brain syndrome

3) Psychological symptoms with regional characteristics. When localized lesions occur in the brain, some characteristic psychiatric symptoms may appear, which has certain reference value for positioning.

Frontal lobe-often changes in personality, showing indulgent behavior, euphoric but stupid humor, or indifferent expression, slow response, awkward movement, distraction, disorientation, etc., without obvious damage to intelligence, self-knowledge Force is often affected.

Parietal lobe-less psychiatric symptoms, but mainly neuropsychological disorders, can sometimes be misdiagnosed as snoring.

Temporal Lobe-Frequent mental retardation and personality changes, emotional instability and aggressive behavior. In addition to prone to seizures, schizophrenia-like mental disorders can also occur.

Occipital lobe-can cause complex visual cognitive dysfunction and can sometimes be misdiagnosed as snoring.

Interbrain-can cause drowsiness and excessive sleep, poor emotional control, accompanied by sudden emotional bursts, near memory disorders, poor initiative, progressive intellectual decline, naive behavior, and "movement inactivity". Gluttony and

Most chronic brain syndromes are caused by senile cerebral degeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease, followed by cerebrovascular disease. Less common causes include chronic inflammation, trauma, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, Huntington's dance, subdural hemorrhage, benign brain tumors such as meningiomas, and normal pressure brain edema.

Acute brain syndrome has four basic characteristics: (l) often occurs suddenly, with rapid development of orientation, memory, intelligence, judgment and emotional impairment. (2) Delirium, stiffness, or coma can occur, sometimes on the grave of a remission of a mental illness or linked to a mental illness. (3) The syndrome is caused by temporary, reversible, and diffuse damage to brain function. (4) The clinical process is often short and can last for one month or longer. However, the resolution of organic symptoms is often the outcome, and eventually it develops into chronic brain syndrome.

Chronic brain syndrome has four basic characteristics: (1) the occurrence is generally slow, but not all are slow and unknowingly exacerbated, and the brain tissue function can be progressively damaged in weeks or longer. (2) Clinical manifestations are often described as dementia, or sometimes accidents of delirium, stiffness, and coma, especially when seen in progress. When combined with acute syndrome, symptoms of organic and functional impairment of brain function may coexist. (3) This syndrome results from irreversible, permanent, diffuse changes in brain function. (4) The clinical process is often progressive. Over the years, the outcome may be death.

Acute cerebral organic syndrome or chronic cerebral organic syndrome, these two names usually refer to whether the onset of the disease is sudden, the length of the disease, and the special significance of its clinical symptoms. Acute cerebral organic syndrome has rapid onset, rapid disease progression, short duration, good prognosis, and most of its lesions are reversible. Acute cerebral organic syndrome can be caused by many different factors and pathological changes. The earliest clinical obstacles to conscious activity occur. They can appear blurred perception, cloudy consciousness, blurred consciousness, lethargy and coma. At this point, the memory impairment was quite prominent. There may be obstacles to time and place due to insufficient attention. Occasionally I see fiction and fiction. Patients often become oblivious after recovery. There are also obstacles in perception and thinking, and there may be hallucinations and illusions, among which primitive hallucinations have more characteristic significance. At the same time, emotions and behaviors can also be affected. Patients' emotions are mostly low, anxiety or fear. Patient activity is reduced, conscious and purposeful activities are rare, or too much activity is noisy. Chronic cerebral organic syndrome is mainly manifested in three aspects: memory loss, mental changes, and personality changes. Many elderly patients are hospitalized due to acute cerebral organic syndrome. For such patients, they should be carefully observed for a period of time after clear awareness, so as to avoid missed diagnosis of chronic cerebral organic syndrome. Some elderly patients may have sexual behavior abnormalities, such as molesting young girls, taking into account the possibility of chronic cerebral organic syndrome. ^[2]

In addition to the above symptoms in diagnosis, attention should be paid to neurological examination, physical examination, and the following:

1. Basic tests: whole blood count, red blood cell sedimentation rate, serum Na +, K +, Cl +, blood urea nitrogen, serum Ca ++, liver function test, serum syphilis test, thyroid function test, chest X-ray examination, electrocardiogram examination, etc.

2. Selective examination: for special needs, such as skull X-ray examination, cerebrospinal fluid examination, brain scan, EEG examination, computer computed tomography, radioisotope imaging, cerebral angiography, etc. ^[2]

   In addition to the etiology of acute and chronic brain syndrome, symptomatic treatment is also very important. It is believed that patients with acute onset of acute brain syndrome accompanied by confusion symptoms are often emergency psychiatric departments and require hospitalization for rescue. Or an inpatient needs sudden treatment due to factors such as internal medicine, surgery, or psychiatry. If the patient is irritable, noisy, frightened, aggressive or uncooperative, immediate physical treatment is the main thing. Most delirium and other acute brain syndromes are short-range, and symptoms disappear on their own within 3 to 10 days. When the drug is ineffective or cannot be used, electric shock treatment can be selected.

   Chronic brain syndrome. Nutrition support therapies, nursing work, and prevention of comorbidities are important. In terms of medication, we should pay attention to the principles of large safety, small side effects, and small doses. ^[3]