What is Raynaud's Phenomenon?

Basic Information

nickname

Intermittent finger skin color changes, acral arterial spasm, secondary acral arterial spasm

Visiting department

Division of Rheumatology

Multiple groups

female

Common locations

Extremities

Common causes

Refers to cold stimulation, emotional excitement, long-term use of tremor tools, and various diseases

Common symptoms

Pale, bun, flushing

Raynaud's phenomenon is similar to the clinical manifestations of Raynaud's disease. Generally, those who are secondary to other diseases or factors are Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's syndrome, and the primary is Raynaud's disease. During the typical onset of Raynaud's phenomenon, the finger (toe) showed typical three periods: pale, caused by paroxysmal spasm of the small arteries, ischemia of the finger or toe, and the local temperature decreased or there was numbness and stiffness during the attack If the motor nerve is affected, it can also cause dyskinesia and sweating. Hair cyanosis. After a few minutes, the arteriolar spasm is relieved, and capillary dilatation is passively congested and cyanosis appears. Flushing, finally, the arterioles re-expand, and the circulation resumes, and reactive hyperemia flushes and swells. In severe cases, due to the long duration of vasospasm, nutrition changes in the nails may occur, the fingertips become thinner, the elasticity is poor, and even the articular surface is damaged, deformed, and finger gangrene.

Air hammer

Pneumohammerism caused by long-term use of tremor tools, such as small fish spasm syndrome, cervical ribs with upper limb vascular compression, and anterior scalene syndrome.

Connective tissue disease

Such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, nodular polyarteritis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease and so on.

3. Trauma and neurological diseases

Such as carpal tunnel syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, contact vibration, arteriovenous fistula, intra-arterial medication and so on.

4. Occlusive arterial disease

Such as atherosclerosis, occlusive thromboangiitis, occlusive arteriosclerosis.

5. Blood diseases

Such as cold globulinemia, cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and so on.

6. Drugs and poisons

Drugs that can cause Raynaud's phenomenon are ergot, dimethylergometrine, bleomycin, amphetamine, imipramine, bromidine, clonidine, cyclosporine A, oral contraceptives, vinyl chloride, nitroglycerin Reduce symptoms and heavy metal poisoning.

7. Other

Hypercoagulable state, paraneoplastic syndrome, chronic renal failure, primary pulmonary hypertension, hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa, etc.

Immerse the patient's fingers in cold water at about 4 ° C for 1 minute; or place the hand at the waist level, bend the elbow, and make a fist for 1 minute, and suddenly release it, which can induce Raynaud's phenomenon.

Raynaud's phenomenon should be distinguished from Raynaud's disease: the difference between the two is mainly the cause of idiopathic Raynaud's disease. The cause can be found in Raynaud's phenomenon, which is more common in connective tissue disease, hypercoagulable state, blood disease, tumors, drugs, injuries and occupational diseases. Diseases, such as Raynaud's late onset, severe pain, asymmetrical distribution of hands and feet, and common tissue necrosis.

Try to treat the underlying disease as thoroughly as possible. For symptomatic treatment, vasodilator drugs can be taken orally, and fingertips can be coated with nitroglycerin ointment or liditine to block. Appropriate use of sedatives or anxiolytics. Appropriate application of estrogen to menopausal women can be reduced. For severe Raynaud's disease with obvious neurological symptoms, most patients who use sympathectomy can get good results, but they are often short-term. Avoid contact with cold water and cold objects, strengthen cold protection measures, and wear thick cotton or sheepskin mittens and cotton shoes in winter to keep warm. Avoid trauma and mental stimulation, eliminate thought concerns, and stabilize emotions. No smoking, drinking a small amount.