What Is Rhinovirus?
Rhinovirus (RhV) was isolated from specimens of patients with respiratory infection by tissue culture and other methods by scientists such as Pelon in 1956. More than 120 rhinoviruses have been identified, the most serotype of human viruses. Rhinovirus is the main pathogen that causes the common cold. The virus is the culprit in causing acute respiratory diseases, and nearly half of all acute respiratory infections are caused by rhinovirus infections.
Basic Information
- Chinese name
- Rhinovirus
- Foreign name
- rhinovirus
- Branch
- Picornaviridae
- Similar viruses
- Basically similar to enterovirus
- Proliferation site
- Human embryo kidney, human embryo lung, etc.
- Serotype
- 144
Rhinovirus epidemiology
- Rhinovirus is ubiquitous and active throughout the year. Winter is a high incidence period. Rhinoviruses are mainly transmitted by air droplets and direct contact. Direct contact transmission is the main route of transmission. It is because of contact transmission that the virus can easily spread in crowded places such as schools and offices. Rhinovirus can survive on human hands and daily necessities (including door handles, tableware, toys, towels, etc.) for hours. Infants, the elderly, and people with low immunity are susceptible to rhinovirus.
Rhinovirus clinical manifestations
- Rhinovirus usually resides in the upper respiratory tract. It mainly causes upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold in adults. In infants and chronic respiratory diseases, in addition to upper respiratory tract infections, it can also cause bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia. The incubation period is 2 to 5 days, and the duration of infection is about 7 days. Clinical manifestations are runny nose, sneezing, throat discomfort, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, non-elevated or slightly elevated body temperature, and often accompanied by sinusitis and otitis media. The patient's condition is generally self-limiting, with an average duration of 7 days. Rhinovirus infection in some patients does not show any clinical symptoms. Another group of patients, such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, are relatively severe and can develop lower respiratory infections, with bronchitis and pneumonia most commonly diagnosed. Patients with a history of chronic respiratory diseases are infected with rhinovirus, which can cause acute attacks of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
Rhinovirus test
- Rhinovirus detection methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological experiments, and cell separation and culture methods. The PCR method is currently a faster method for detecting rhinovirus.
Rhinovirus treatment
- Corresponding treatment according to different diseases.