What Is a Confined Space Entry Permit?

Confined space (English: Confined space) is an industrial safety term that refers to a sealed and enclosed environment, such as manholes, tunnels and pump rooms. Because access to the site is restricted, and confined spaces are usually full of indoor air pollution; from a fire safety perspective, there is a huge danger in confined spaces, including fatal phenomena that can easily cause flashback and flashback. Therefore, before working in a confined space, it is usually necessary to receive training and assessment.

hermetic space

(Industrial Safety Terminology)

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Confined space (English: Confined space) is a

A confined space refers to:

1. It is relatively isolated from the outside world, with limited access to the entrance and exit, and poor natural ventilation, which is enough to accommodate one person to enter and engage in the limited space of unconventional and discontinuous operations.

2. Sealed or semi-sealed space.

3. Due to the influence of the environment, a sealed or semi-sealed space appears during the characteristic period.

In terms of security, it is mainly defined as:

1. Restricted personnel access

2. There are harmful factors

1. Enclosed and semi-enclosed equipment: cabins, storage tanks, reaction towers, refrigerated trucks, caissons and boilers, pressure vessels, pontoons, pipes,

Small space, lack of oxygen and hard work ...

Working in confined spaces places high demands on staff

In many workspaces, there is confined space. These areas are very small, and people are restricted from entering, leaving, or working here. The German Employer Liability Insurance Association stipulates that the air volume is less than 100 cubic meters and there is no natural air exhaust device, or the space with a length, width, height and diameter of less than 2 meters is an enclosed space.

Limited space plus air or other substances, poor circulation of medicaments, or the presence of instruments in the room can cause special dangers that significantly exceed the potential dangers commonly found in work areas. Due to the increasing danger of gas, consideration should be given to cleaning or repairing confined spaces. The air in confined spaces is not smooth, and the presence of hazardous substances or formulations poses a particular danger, which obviously exceeds the potential dangers commonly found in the workshop. Due to the increasing danger of gas, consideration should be given to cleaning or repairing confined spaces.

There are confined spaces in many areas: including: waste management companies, chemical and petrochemical industries, oil and gas production industries, transportation, transportation logistics, container construction and maintenance, and agriculture. Applications include: water tanks, boilers, fractionation columns, containers, silos, wells, pipes, coal mines, pipes, mold tanks, warehouses, sewage treatment plants, etc.

Staff must be trained in this area. The level of safety is usually measured before starting work, after which the equipment is repaired.

1.Hypoxia appears in the space;

2. Accumulation of suffocating or irritating gases: the concentration of such harmful substances in the air exceeds the exposure limit for occupational hazards in the workplace, causing occupational poisoning;

3. Other problems caused by work activities, such as: containing excessive volatile solvent vapors and any other environmental conditions that immediately threaten life or health (IDLH).

Combustible gases and vapors encountered in confined spaces can come from several sources. Leakage between underground pipelines (between cable ducts and city gas pipelines), residuals inside containers, decomposition of bacteria, work products, etc. Common flammable gases include: methane, natural gas, hydrogen, volatile organic compounds, and so on. We encounter a wide range of flammable gases and vapors both when entering confined spaces and after entering work. When their concentration is sufficient, the vapors and gases of many substances become flammable and dangerous gases. If they encounter a fire source and provide a certain amount of energy, they will burn or explode. Fire sources in confined spaces may include: heat-generating work activities, lighters, light sources, power tools, electronics, and even static electricity.

Four conditions must be met for a fire or explosion to occur:

1. The gas must contain an appropriate amount of oxygen;

2. Right amount of gas (exceeding the lower explosive limit of flammable gas);

3. Fire source; 4. Sufficient molecular energy to sustain the fire chain reaction. These four conditions are commonly referred to as the "fire tetrahedron."

If any of these four are absent or inadequate, combustion will not occur, which is why it is necessary to measure the oxygen concentration when measuring explosive gases.