What Is a Vacuum Furnace?
Vacuum furnace, that is, in a specific space of the furnace cavity, a vacuum system (a vacuum pump, a vacuum measuring device, a vacuum valve and other components are carefully assembled) is used to discharge part of the material in the furnace cavity, so that the pressure in the furnace cavity is less than a standard atmospheric pressure Therefore, the space in the furnace cavity thus realizes a vacuum state, which is a vacuum furnace.
1) The oxidation and decarburization of the surface of the workpiece during the heating process are completely eliminated, and a clean surface without a deterioration layer can be obtained. This has a great impact on the improvement of cutting performance of those tools that only grind one side during sharpening (such as directly exposing the decarburized layer on the groove surface to the cutting edge after grinding by a twist drill).
2) No pollution to the environment, no need for three waste treatment.
3) The accuracy of furnace temperature measurement and monitoring is significantly improved. The indicated value of the thermocouple and the furnace temperature reach ± 1.5 ° c. However, the temperature difference between different parts of a large number of workpieces in the furnace is large. If a thin gas forced circulation is used, the temperature difference can still be controlled within the range of ± 5 ° c.
4) High degree of mechatronics. Based on the improved accuracy of temperature measurement and control, workpiece movement, air pressure adjustment, power adjustment, etc. can be programmed in advance, and quenching and tempering are implemented according to steps.
5) The energy consumption is significantly lower than that of a salt bath furnace. Modern and advanced vacuum furnace heating chambers use insulation walls and barriers made of high-quality thermal insulation materials, which can highly concentrate electric heating energy in the heating chambers, and have significant energy saving effects. [1]
Vacuum quenching (tempering, annealing) is a treatment method that achieves the desired performance by heating or cooling materials or parts in a vacuum state according to the process regulations.
Vacuum brazing is a welding process in which a group of welding parts is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the filler metal, but lower than the melting point of the base metal. (The brazing temperature varies depending on the material).
Vacuum sintering is a method of heating metal powder products under vacuum to make adjacent metal powder grains sinter into parts through adhesion and diffusion.
Vacuum magnetization is mainly suitable for magnetic treatment of metal materials.
Vacuum furnaces are vacuum heat treatment furnaces. They are classified according to the application equipment and may include the following types:
Vacuum quenching furnace, vacuum brazing furnace, vacuum annealing furnace, vacuum magnetizing furnace, vacuum tempering furnace, vacuum sintering furnace, vacuum diffusion welding furnace, vacuum carburizing furnace, etc.
Vacuum furnaces are divided into vacuum resistance furnaces, vacuum induction furnaces, vacuum arc furnaces, vacuum consumable arc furnaces, electron beam furnaces (also known as electron bombardment furnaces), and plasma furnaces.
A vacuum furnace is generally composed of a host, a furnace, an electric heating device, a sealed furnace shell, a vacuum system, a power supply system, a temperature control system, and an outside furnace transport vehicle. The sealed furnace shell is welded with carbon steel or stainless steel, and the joint surface of the removable parts is sealed with a vacuum sealing material. In order to prevent the furnace shell from being deformed after heating and the sealing material to be deteriorated by heating, the furnace shell is generally cooled by water or air. The hearth is located in a sealed furnace shell. According to the purpose of the furnace, different types of heating elements are installed inside the furnace, such as resistors, induction coils, electrodes and electron guns. Crucibles are installed in the hearth of the vacuum furnace for melting metals, and some are equipped with automatic pouring devices and robots for loading and unloading. The vacuum system is mainly composed of vacuum pump, vacuum valve and vacuum gauge.
The vacuum furnace appeared around the 1930s. The vacuum annealing furnace for electrical materials was made in the United States in 1927, and the vacuum consumable arc furnace was used in industry in 1953.
1.High pressure and high flow rate gas quenching vacuum furnace
It is mainly used for vacuum heat treatment of hot and cold work die steel, high speed steel, elastic alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, magnetic materials and other materials.
model | Effective area size (mm) | Furnace loading (kg) | Heating material | Heating power (kw) | Maximum temperature () | Temperature uniformity (± ) | Ultimate vacuum (Pa) | Pressure rise rate (Pa / h) | Air cooling pressure (bar) |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 600 × 400 × 400 | 200 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 700 × 500 × 500 | 300 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 100 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 450 | 500 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 600 | 500 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 700 × 700 | 800 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 170 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1200 × 800 × 800 | 800 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 220 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 1000 | 700 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 210 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 1200 | 800 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 230 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 850 × 1250 | 800 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 200 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 1500 | 1000 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 260 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
2.Double chamber high pressure gas quenching vacuum furnace
Mainly used for hot and cold die steel, high speed steel, elastic alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, magnetic materials and other materials for high pressure gas quenching and vacuum sintering, vacuum brazing and other processes.
model | Effective area size (mm) | Furnace loading (kg) | Heating material | Heating power (kw) | Maximum temperature () | Temperature uniformity (± ) | Ultimate vacuum (Pa) | Pressure rise rate (Pa / h) | Air cooling pressure (bar) |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 6-10 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 4 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 700 × 500 × 500 | 250 | graphite | 80 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 4 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 450 | 300 | graphite | 100 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 4 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 600 | 400 | graphite | 120 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 4 |
3.Double-chamber oil quenched gas-cooled vacuum furnace
Mainly suitable for bright quenching of tool steel, mold steel, bearing steel, spring steel and other materials
model | Effective area size (mm) | Furnace loading (kg) | Heating material | Heating power (kw) | Maximum temperature () | Temperature uniformity (± ) | Ultimate vacuum (Pa) | Pressure rise rate (Pa / h) | Air cooling pressure (bar) |
| GWL-ZQLB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 80 | graphite | 50 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 600 × 400 × 300 | 150 | graphite | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 600 × 400 × 350 | 150 | graphite | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 600 × 400 × 400 | 150 | graphite | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 610 × 420 × 30 | 150 | graphite | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 700 × 500 × 500 | 250 | graphite | 100 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 450 | 300 | graphite | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 900 × 600 × 500 | 350 | graphite | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 950 × 600 × 600 | 400 | graphite | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 600 × 450 | 400 | graphite | 140 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1000 × 600 × 600 | 400 | graphite | 150 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-ZQLB | 1200 × 800 × 800 | 600 | graphite | 240 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
4.Vacuum aluminum brazing furnace
It is mainly suitable for vacuum welding of automobile radiators, air-conditioning evaporators, condensers, intercoolers, radar grid antennas, waveguides, and various plate-warped or tube-fin heat exchangers.
model | Effective area size (mm) | Furnace loading (kg) | Heating material | Heating power (kw) | Maximum temperature () | Temperature uniformity (± ) | Ultimate vacuum (Pa) | Pressure rise rate (Pa / h) |
| GWL-LB | 600 × 400 × 400 | 200 | Nichrome belt | 80 | 700 | 4 | 10 | 0.67 |
| GWL-LB | 700 × 500 × 500 | 300 | Nichrome belt | 100 | 700 | 4 | 10 | 0.67 |
| GWL-LB | 900 × 600 × 600 | 400 | Nichrome belt | 130 | 700 | 4 | 10 | 0.67 |
| GWL-LB | 1200 × 800 × 800 | 1000 | Nichrome belt | 160 | 700 | 4 | 10 | 0.67 |
| GWL-LB | 1500 × 1000 × 1000 | 1500 | Nichrome belt | 200 | 700 | 4 | 10 | 0.67 |
5.Vacuum high temperature brazing furnace
Mainly suitable for vacuum brazing of stainless steel, high temperature alloy, hard alloy, non-ferrous metals and other materials.
model | Effective area size (mm) | Furnace loading (kg) | Heating material | Heating power (kw) | Maximum temperature () | Temperature uniformity (± ) | Ultimate vacuum (Pa) | Pressure rise rate (Pa / h) | Air cooling pressure (bar) |
| GWL-LB | 450 × 300 × 300 | 100 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 40 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 600 × 400 × 400 | 200 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 68 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 700 × 500 × 500 | 200 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 80 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 750 × 500 × 500 | 300 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 100 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 900 × 600 × 600 | 500 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 150 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 1100 × 700 × 700 | 800 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 200 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
| GWL-LB | 1200 × 800 × 800 | 1000 | Graphite / Molybdenum | 300 | 1300 | 5 | 4 × 10 6 × 10 | 0.67 | 2 |
Recently, two condensing vacuum boilers with a capacity of 14 MW were successfully put into operation in the boiler room of the Jidong Oilfield Base. This is the single largest gas-fired vacuum boiler in China, each of which can cover 200,000 square meters of residential area heating demand.
The newly installed high-power vacuum boiler was independently developed. This is a condensing gas vacuum boiler with an average thermal efficiency of 96%, which is 4 to 5 percentage points higher than a conventional gas boiler.
