What Is the Plastic Injection Molding Process?

The injection molding process refers to the process of making molten raw materials into a certain shape of semi-finished products through operations such as pressure, injection, cooling, and detachment.

Injection molding process

The injection molding process mainly includes 6 stages including mold closing --- filling-holding pressure-cooling-opening-molding. These 6 stages directly determine the molding quality of the product, and these 6 stages are a complete continuous process. This chapter focuses on the four stages of filling, holding pressure, cooling, and demolding.

Table 1 of injection molding process

Plastic name
LDPE
HDPE
Ethylene-propylene copolymer PP
PP
Glass fiber reinforced PP
PS
HIPS
ABS
High impact ABS
Heat-resistant ABS
Electroplated ABS
Flame retardant ABS
Transparent ABS
ACS
AS (SAN)
PMMA
Injection process conditions
1.Injection machine type Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line Screw-line
2.Screw form 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 111 111 111
Speed, r / min 111 30-60 1 30-60 30-60 1 30-60 30-60 30-60 30-60 20-60 20-50 30-60 20-30 20-50 20-30
3.Nozzle form 111 Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through Straight-through
Temperature 11 150-180 1 170-190 180-190 11 160-170 180-190 190-200 190-200 190-210 180-190 190-200 160-170 180-190 180-200
4. Before barrel temperature 11 180-190 11 180-200 190-200 11 170-190 200-210 200-210 200-220 210-230 190-200 200-220 170-180 200-210 180-210
Medium 11 180-220 11 200-220 210-220 111 170-190 210-230 210-230 220-240 230-250 200-220 220-240 180-190 210-230 190-230
After 11 140-160 11 160-170 160-170 111 140-150 180-200 180-200 190-200 200-210 170-190 190-200 160-170 170-180 180-200
5. Mold temperature, 30-45 30-60 50-70 40-80 70-90 11 20-50 50-70 50-80 60-85 40-80 50-70 50-70 50-60 50-70 40-80
6. Injection pressure, MPA 11 70-100 11 70-120 90-130 11 60-100 70-90 70-120 85-120 70-120 50-100 70-100 80-120 80-120 90-120
7. Holding pressure, MPa 1 40-50 1 50-60 40-50 1 30-40 50-70 50-70 50-80 50-70 30-60 50-60 40-50 40-50 40-60
8. Injection time, s 1 2-5 1 2-5 2-5 1 1-3 3-5 3-5 3-5 2-4 3-5 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5
9. Holding time, s 1 15-60 1 20-60 15-40 1 15-40 15-30 15-30 15-30 20-50 15-30 15-40 15-30 15-30 20-40
10. Cooling time, s 1 15-60 1 15-50 15-40 1 10-40 15-30 15-30 15-30 15-30 10-30 10-30 15-30 15-30 20-40
11, the total period, s 1 40-140 1 40-120 40-100 1 40-90 40-70 40-70 40-70 40-90 30-70 30-80 40-70 40-70 50-90
12.Drying equipment Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling Horizontal boiling
Temperature 90-100 90-100 100-120 100-120 100-120 90-100 90-110 100-110 100-110 100-110 100-110 100-110 100-110 1 1 100-120
Time, h <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.00 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 1 1 1.0

Injection molding process table two

Plastic name
PMMA / PC
Soft PVC
Rigid PVC
Chlorinated polyether
Homopolymer POM
Copolymer POM
PET
PBT
Glass fiber reinforced PBT
PA6
Glass fiber reinforced PA6
PA11
Glass fiber reinforced PA11
PA12
PA66
Glass fiber reinforced PA66
Injection process conditions
1. Injection molding machine type
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
2.Screw form
1
1
1
1
1
1
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
mutation
Speed r / min
20-30
1
20-30
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-50
20-40
20-50
20-40
20-50
20-50
20-40
3.Nozzle form
Straight-through
1
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Straight-through
Temperature,
220-240
1
150-170
170-180
170-180
170-180
250-260
200-220
210-230
200-210
200-210
180-190
190-200
170-180
250-260
250-260
4.Before barrel temperature,
230-250
1
170-190
180-200
170-190
170-190
260-270
230-240
230-240
220-230
220-240
185-200
200-220
255-265
260-270
1
Medium,
240-250
1
165-180
180-200
170-190
180-200
260-280
230-250
240-360
230-240
230-250
190-220
220-250
190-240
260-280
260-890
After,
210-230
1
150-170
180-190
170-180
170-190
240-260
200-220
210-220
200-210
200-210
170-180
180-190
160-170
240-250
250-260
5. Mold temperature
60-80
1
30-60
80-110
90-120
90-100
85-120
65-80
70-110
60-100
80-120
60-90
60-90
70-110
70-120
100-120
6.Injection pressure, MPa
80-130
1
80-130
80-110
80-130
80-120
80-120
60-90
80-100
80-110
90-130
90-120
90-130
90-130
80-130
80-130
7. Holding pressure, MPa
40-60
11
40-60
30-40
30-50
30-50
30-50
30-40
40-50
30-50
30-50
30-50
40-50
50-60
40-50
40-50
8. Injection time, s
2-5
1
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
1-3
2-5
2-4
2-5
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
9. Holding time, s
20-40
1
15-40
15-50
20-80
20-90
20-50
10-30
10-20
15-50
15-40
15-50
15-40
20-60
20-50
20-50
10.Cooling time, s
20-40
1
15-40
20-50
20-60
20-60
20-30
15-30
15-30
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-40
11.Total period, s
50-90
1
40-90
40-110
50-150
50-160
50-90
30-70
30-60
40-100
40-100
40-100
40-90
50-110
50-100
50-100
12. Drying equipment
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Temperature,
100-120
60-70
70-80
d1
110-120
110-120
150-170
120-135
120-135
120-130
120-130
100-120
100-120
100-120
120-130
120-130
Time, h
1.0
<0.5
<0.5
d1
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0

Table 3 of injection molding process

Plastic name
PA610
PA612
PA1010
Glass fiber reinforced PA1010
Transparent nylon
Polycarbonate PC
PC / PE
Glass fiber reinforced PC
Polysulfone PSU
Modified PSU
Glass fiber reinforced PSU
Polyarylsulfone PAS
Polyethersulfone PES
Polyphenylene ether PPO
Modified PPO
Polyphenylene sulfide PPS
Injection process conditions
1. Injection molding machine type
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
Screw-wire
2.Screw form
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Catastrophe
Speed r / min
20-50
50-50
20-50
20-40
50-50
20-40
50-40
20-30
20-30
20-30
20-30
20-30
20-30
20-30
20-50
20-30
3.Nozzle form
Self-locking
Self-locking
Self-locking
Straight-through
Self-locking
Extended
Extended
Straight-through
Extended
Extended
Straight-through
Extended
Extended
Extended
Extended
Extended
Temperature,
200-210
200-210
190-200
190-210
220-240
230-250
220-230
240-260
280-290
250-260
280-300
380-410
240-270
250-280
220-240
280-300
4.Before barrel temperature,
220-230
210-220
200-210
230-250
240-250
240-280
230-250
250-290
290-310
250-280
300-320
385-420
250-290
250-280
230-250
300-310
Medium,
230-250
210-230
220-240
230-250
250-270
260-290
240-260
270-310
300-330
280-300
310-330
345-385
280-310
260-290
240-270
320-340
After,
200-210
200-205
190-200
190-200
220-240
240-270
230-240
260-280
280-300
260-270
290-300
320-370
260-290
230-240
230-240
260-280
5. Mold temperature
60-90
40-70
40-80
40-80
40-60
90-110
80-100
90-110
130-150
80-100
130-150
230-260
90-120
110-150
60-80
120-150
6.Injection pressure, MPa
70-110
70-120
70-100
90-130
80-130
80-130
80-120
100-140
100-140
100-140
100-140
100-200
100-140
100-140
70-110
80-130
7. Holding pressure, MPa
20-40
30-50
20-40
40-50
40-50
40-50
40-50
40-50
40-50
40-50
40-50
50-70
50-70
50-70
40-60
40-50
8. Injection time, s
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-7
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
9. Holding time, s
20-50
20-50
20-50
20-40
20-60
20-80
20-80
20-60
20-80
20-70
20-50
15-40
14-40
30-70
30-70
10-30
10.Cooling time, s
20-40
20-50
20-40
20-40
20-40
20-50
20-50
20-50
20-50
20-60
20-50
15-20
15-30
20-60
20-50
20-50
11.Total period, s
50-100
50-110
50-100
50-90
50-110
50-130
50-140
50-110
50-140
50-130
50-110
40-50
40-80
60-140
60-130
40-90
12. Drying equipment
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Temperature,
110-120
110-120
110-120
110-120
110-120
130-150
120-140
130-150
130-150
120-140
130-150
150-170
130-150
130-150
125-140
150-170
Time, h
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
0.5-1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0-2.0
1.0-2.0
1.0-2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0-2.0
1.0-2.0
2.0

Table 4 of injection molding process

Plastic name
Polyimide PI
Polyarylate
Polyurethane
Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP, F46
Cellulose acetate CA
Cellulose acetate butyrate CAB
Cellulose acetate propionate CAF
Ethyl cellulose EC
Polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer PP / EPDM
Poly 4-methylpentene
PCTFE
Injection process conditions
1. Injection molding machine type
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
1
1
1
1
Screw-line
Screw-line
Screw-line
2.Screw form
1
1
1
Catastrophe
1
1
1
1
Homogeneous gradient
Gradient
1
Speed r / min
20-30
20-50
20-70
20-30
1
1
1
1
25-50
20-30
20-30
3.Nozzle form
Extended
1
1
Extended
1
1
1
1
Straight-through
Straight-through
Extended
Temperature,
290-300
230-250
170-180
290-300
1
1
11
1
200-230
280-290
265-270
4.Before barrel temperature,
290-310
240-260
175-185
300-330
11
1
1
11
200-230
290-310
275-280
Medium,
300-330
250-280
180-200
270-290
11
11
1
11
200-230
250-270
280-290
After,
280-300
230-240
150-170
170-200
11
11
11
11
190-220
230-250
200-210
5. Mold temperature
120-150
100-130
20-40
110-130
1
11
1
1
38-66
80-130
80-130
6.Injection pressure, MPa
100-150
100-130
80-100
80-130
1
1
1
1
35-138
80-130
80-130
7. Holding pressure, MPa
40-50
50-60
30-40
50-60
1
1
1
1
28-110
30-50
20-60
8. Injection time, s
2-5
2-8
2-6
1-3
1
1
1
1
3-5
2-5
1-3
9. Holding time, s
20-60
15-40
30-40
20-60
1
1
1
1
15-45
20-60
20-60
10.Cooling time, s
30-60
15-40
30-40
20-60
1
1
1
1
15-40
20-60
20-60
11.Total period, s
60-130
40-90
70-110
50-130
1
1
1
1
30-100
50-130
50-130
12. Drying equipment
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
1
1
1
1
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Horizontal boiling
Temperature,
150-170
1
1
1
80-90
80-90
80-90
80-90
100-110
120-150
1
Time, h
2.0
1
1
1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
1 [1]

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