Is Having a Repeat C-Section Safe?

The goal of the school building safety project is to carry out seismic reinforcement and improve comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities in primary and middle schools across the country, so that school buildings can meet key fortification-type seismic fortification standards, and meet the landslide, collapse, mudslides, ground subsidence and floods, typhoons, Disaster prevention and safety requirements for fire, lightning and other disasters.

National primary and secondary school building safety project

The goal of the school building safety project is: to carry out earthquake-resistant reinforcement in primary and middle schools across the country, improve the comprehensive disaster prevention capacity, and make the school buildings reach key fortification categories.

The "Project" implements the unified leadership of the State Council, the unified organization of provincial governments, and the leadership and management system of municipal (regional, prefectural, and federal) and county (city, district, flag, and field) governments responsible for implementation. The Central People's Government of the province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government and

The implementation of the Project is divided into the following three main phases: first, comprehensive inspection and identification; second, the formulation of the overall plan of the Project, the annual implementation plan and the reconstruction plan for each building; and third, the classification of reinforcement, reconstruction and risk-aversion. All localities shall strictly follow the above procedures and implement them step by step, and shall not arbitrarily change or simplify.

The "project" special funds are coordinated at the provincial level, with the city and county responsible, multi-channel financing, and central financial subsidies. All localities should earnestly increase their investment in the safety construction of primary and secondary school buildings and include them in the fiscal budget to ensure that funds are available in a timely and adequate manner and prevent new debts from being generated by schools.

Encourage all sectors of society to donate funds and materials to support school building safety projects.

Private investors, foreign-invested enterprises, and enterprises (industry) run primary and secondary school buildings for safe reconstruction are the responsibility of the investor and the unit. Local governments provide guidance, support, and supervision.

The "project" special funds shall be based on the "engineering" overall plan and annual implementation plan, and strictly follow the principle of "coordinating arrangements, highlighting key points, and focusing on investment". Special funds shall be used exclusively to ensure efficiency. The central and local funds will be used to build different project schools to ensure that one is transformed and one that meets the safety standards.

The special funds from the central government are mainly used in the "two districts" and other disaster-prone areas, with a focus on supporting compulsory education, especially remote rural compulsory education schools.

Within 30 working days after the release of the central special funds, the provinces will report the implementation of the funding arrangements to the project to the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Construction for the record.

Establish a "engineering" supervision and inspection mechanism. Implement national key inspections, regular provincial and municipal inspections, regular self-inspections at the county level, and catch up one level at a time, all the way up to each specific project of the Project.

The National School Building Safety Engineering Office conducts special inspections on the implementation of "projects" in various places in accordance with the requirements of the State Council and work progress.

Each year, the "School Building Safety Engineering Office" organizes relevant departments to conduct special inspections on the implementation of the "Project" every year. According to the "relatively fixed, piece-by-piece" approach, from 2009 to 2011, a certain number of staff or experts were designated to guide and supervise the implementation of the "project" in each project county.

The School Safety Engineering Office in each city has set up a special expert supervision team to cooperate with the relevant government departments to regularly inspect the implementation of the project in each project county, to work on-site, to guide, help, and urge the counties to solve the practical difficulties in the implementation of the project .

The School Building Safety Engineering Office in each county shall determine a special person to be responsible for supervision and inspection, go deep into the construction site, carry out regular inspections on the implementation of the engineering, make timely rectification of projects with hidden safety hazards, and resolutely eliminate

Establish a school responsibility accountability system. clear

1. In 1986, the State Planning Commission issued the "Notice on Issuing (Specifications for Architectural Design of Primary and Middle Schools)", which for the first time established codes for the architectural design of primary and secondary schools.

2. In 1987, the Ministry of Urban and Rural Environmental Construction Protection and the State Education Commission jointly issued the "Emergency Notice on Strengthening Management of School House Construction and Preventing Collapse Accidents".

3 The General Office of the State Education Commission issued the "Safety Manual for Primary and Middle Schools" in 1988, and began to standardize the basic procedures for school building construction, school building management, and maintenance.

4. In 1989, the State Education Commission issued the "Notice on Repair and Reconstruction of Dangerous Houses in Primary and Middle Schools", which regulates the investment, supervision and identification of dangerous buildings in school buildings.

5. 1992

Beijing: implement permanent quality traceability system

Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

1. Why implement a national school safety project (hereinafter referred to as the "school safety project")?

Answer: Since 2001, the State Council has uniformly implemented the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural primary and secondary schools, the construction of rural boarding schools in the western regions, and the reconstruction of rural junior high schools in the central and western regions, which have improved the quality of rural schools and greatly improved the appearance of rural primary and secondary schools. However, at present, quite a few of the primary and secondary school buildings in some areas fail to meet the requirements of seismic fortification and other disaster prevention, and there are still many C- and D-level dilapidated houses; especially the school buildings that were built before the 1990s and in the early years of the Pu Jiu, problems Even more prominent; some of the school buildings that have been renovated still do not meet disaster prevention standards and design specifications such as seismic fortification.

The implementation of school building safety projects across the country and the comprehensive improvement of the safety of primary and secondary school buildings are directly related to the lives and safety of teachers and students, to social harmony and stability, and to the image of the party and government. The implementation of this project is a major measure embodying the party and government's people-oriented and governing for the people concept, a strategic deployment that adheres to the priority development of education and runs a satisfactory education for the people; it is a specific action to implement the Earthquake Disaster Reduction Law and fulfill government responsibilities in accordance with the law It is also an effective measure to cope with the international financial crisis and stimulate domestic demand.

2. What are the goals and main tasks of school building safety engineering?

Answer: The goal of the school building safety project is to carry out seismic reinforcement and improve comprehensive disaster prevention capacity construction in primary and middle schools across the country, so that school buildings can reach key fortification-type seismic fortification standards, and meet the landslide, collapse, mudslides, ground collapse and flooding, Typhoon, fire, lightning strike and other disaster prevention and safety requirements.

The main task of the project is: starting from 2009, it will take three years to monitor earthquakes in defensive areas, high-intensity areas with earthquakes greater than 7 degrees, areas prone to floods and floods, landslides and debris flows, etc. School buildings with potential safety hazards in various urban and rural primary and secondary schools shall be strengthened by earthquakes, relocated to avoid risks, and improve their comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities. In other areas, in accordance with the requirements of seismic reinforcement and comprehensive disaster prevention, the D-class dangerous houses with overall dangerous conditions were reconstructed, and the C-class school buildings with local dangerous conditions were reconstructed and reinforced to eliminate hidden dangers.

3 What is the coverage of school safety engineering?

Answer: The school building safety project covers all primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, public and private, education systems and non-education systems nationwide.

4 What are the main steps involved in implementing school building safety projects?

Answer: The project implementation includes three links:

The first is to conduct comprehensive investigation and appraisal of primary and secondary school buildings. The people's governments of various places organize the investigation of existing school buildings (excluding projects under construction) at all levels in the administrative region, and form an appraisal report for each building in accordance with seismic fortification and related disaster prevention requirements, and establish school building safety file.

The second is to scientifically formulate plans and plans for the implementation of school building safety projects. According to the results of the investigation and identification, combined with the adjustment of the layout of primary and secondary schools and the ongoing construction of rural boarding school construction projects, and the reconstruction projects of junior high school buildings in rural areas in the central and western regions, the overall planning of school building safety work and specific implementation plans and programs have been formulated scientifically.

The third is to distinguish the situation and implement the school building safety project by classification and step by step. For school buildings that can reach the seismic fortification standard through maintenance and reinforcement, retrofit and strengthen them in accordance with key fortification-type seismic fortification standards; for schools that have been identified as not meeting the requirements and do not have the conditions for maintenance and reinforcement, according to key fortification-type seismic fortification standards and construction engineering mandatory standards Reconstruction; carry out risk assessment of geological hazards and carry out safe-haven relocation of schools in areas prone to severe geological disasters; refurbishment of school buildings in dangerous houses that should be abandoned according to the school layout plan can no longer be rebuilt, but must be removed and no longer used. Improve comprehensive fire prevention and lightning protection standards for school buildings and strictly enforce them.

Newly built school buildings must be constructed in accordance with key fortification-type seismic fortification standards. Site selection should comply with the mandatory standards for engineering construction and the "Guidelines for the Planning and Design of Schools Reconstructed after the Wenchuan Earthquake" issued by relevant state departments, and avoid hidden dangers Dams, cisterns, tailings ponds, ash storages and other buildings are vulnerable to disasters downstream.

5. How is the school building safety project organized?

Answer: The school building safety project implements the unified leadership of the State Council, the provincial government unified organization, and the city and county governments are responsible for implementation, giving full play to the leadership and management system of professional departments.

The State Council has established a national leading group of school building safety projects to uniformly lead and deploy school building safety projects. Development and reform, education, public security (fire protection), supervision, finance, land and resources, housing urban and rural construction, water conservancy, auditing, safety supervision, earthquake and other departments participated in the leading group. The office of the leading group is located in the Ministry of Education and is composed of some members of the leading group.

All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) must set up corresponding leading groups and offices to uniformly organize and coordinate the implementation of school building safety projects in their regions, and set up offices in relevant departments.

6. What are the main responsibilities of the National Primary and Secondary School Building Safety Engineering Leading Group Office?

Answer: The main responsibilities of the Office of the Leading Group for School Safety Engineering in Primary and Middle Schools include: Organizing and drafting work goals and policies for school safety engineering. According to the requirements of target management, integrate various projects and funding channels related to the safety of primary and secondary school buildings, and make overall plans for central funding arrangements. Combined with the requirements of seismic fortification and comprehensive disaster prevention, comprehensively connect various disaster prevention standards such as site selection and risk prevention, building fire prevention, etc., and organize the formulation of school building safety technical standards, construction specifications, inspection and identification, and reinforcement and reconstruction work guidelines. Clarify the responsibilities of relevant departments in school building safety projects, and manage the construction of primary and secondary school buildings in accordance with the basic construction procedures and engineering construction procedures. Formulate and check the progress of school building safety projects. Establish a report phone to coordinate investigation and handling of key cases. Coordinating various local departments to support school building safety projects in key areas and coordinating and handling important issues across regions and departments. Compile and distribute briefings, promote advanced experience, and report on work progress.

7. What specific responsibilities does the provincial people's government bear?

Answer: Provincial people's governments bear overall responsibility for the implementation of school building safety projects. Specific responsibilities include: Formulating and organizing project plans, implementation plans, and supporting policies; Coordinating and arranging project funds; Organizing and reviewing the strengthening and reconstruction of school buildings in cities and counties 4. Relocation and risk prevention and comprehensive disaster prevention plan; (4) Implementing policies related to the reduction and exemption of school building renovation fees; (5) Supervising and inspecting the quality and progress of the project in accordance with the requirements of project management.

8. What are the responsibilities of the municipal and county-level people's governments?

Answer: The responsibility of the municipal people's government is to consider the economic strength of the counties in the area and technical skills such as appraisal, survey, design, construction, supervision, etc. in accordance with local conditions, strengthen organization and coordination, and standardize project implementation. Specifically include: Instructing and assisting counties to carry out school building safety investigation and appraisal; Instructing and reviewing the county's formulation of construction plans and project texts; Implementing construction funds due to governments at the same level in a timely and full manner; Supervising special funds for projects Appropriation; Check and supervise the progress and quality of the project, and regularly report the implementation of the project to superiors.

The county-level people's government is fully responsible for the implementation and management of the project, and is responsible for the safety of school buildings in the county. The main responsibilities include: Organize inspections and appraisals of school buildings in the area under their jurisdiction, and establish safety archives and basic information databases of school buildings in the area; Formulate the overall engineering plan, annual implementation plan and project transformation plan for the area; Timely 2. Fully implement the project funds that the government at this level should bear, establish a special account for funds, and timely disburse according to the progress of the project; ensure the land for construction; reduce or exempt the construction fee according to relevant state regulations; organize the preliminary stage of the project according to the basic construction procedures, Tendering, surveying, design, construction, supervision, completion acceptance, and handling of infrastructure financial accounts; Establish a sound supervision and inspection system to ensure the progress and quality of the project and regularly report the progress of the project to its superiors.

9. How will the funds required to implement the school building safety project be implemented?

Answer: The funding arrangement for the implementation of the school building safety project is coordinated at the provincial level, with the city and county responsible, and the central financial subsidy. On the basis of integrating the current funds related to the safety of primary and secondary school buildings, the central government added a special fund of 8 billion yuan in 2009 to focus on supporting the key surveillance and defense areas for earthquakes in the central and western regions and other areas prone to geological disasters.

Provincial people's governments are responsible for making overall arrangements for project funds in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Provincial people's governments should earnestly increase their efforts to fully implement the funds required for the project through the fiscal budget and new local government bonds; integrate other funds related to school building safety and encourage social donations. Prevent new debt in schools. For cities and counties with financial difficulties, support will be provided through increased financial and special transfer payments.

Private investors, foreign capital, and enterprises (industries) to run primary and secondary school building safety reconstruction are the responsibility of the investor and the unit, and the local government provides guidance, support and supervision.

10 What are the requirements of the national primary and secondary school building safety project implementation plan to strengthen the management of school building safety project funds?

Answer: The national implementation plan for safety projects in primary and middle school buildings clearly requires that the project fund management system be improved during the implementation of the project. The project funds must be accounted for and used exclusively for the purpose. They cannot replace the original investment, and must not be used to repay past arrears of engineering funds and other debt. Funds are allocated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the fiscal treasury management system. Expropriation, misappropriation, deduction, seizure and arbitrage of engineering funds shall be strictly prohibited. It is guaranteed that the funds will be allocated according to the progress of the project, and the project funds shall not be in arrears.

11. What are the provisions of the national primary and secondary school building safety project implementation plan for the reduction and exemption of related construction fees?

Answer: The national implementation plan for school safety projects in primary and middle schools clearly requires that all localities strictly implement the "Notice on Forwarding Several Opinions of the State Council General Office and the Ministry of Education on Further Improving the Implementation Work of Rural Boarding School Construction Projects" [2005] No. 44) Relevant preferential policies on reduction and exemption of administrative and business service charges, do a good job of reducing and exempting engineering construction charges, and strive to improve the efficiency of capital use. Administrative and utility charges such as municipal public infrastructure supporting costs, urban fire facilities construction costs, and civil air defense exchanging construction supporting costs involved in the implementation of the project, as well as government funds such as wall reform funds, special cement bulk funds, and greening deposits, shall be exempt The service charge involved in operation shall be appropriately reduced or exempted based on the negotiation between the service parties. It is strictly forbidden to collect administrative and institutional fees and government funds that have been explicitly cancelled by the state. Unlawful fees such as self-supported projects and excessive standard fees will be investigated and punished according to law.

12. What are the provisions of the national primary and secondary school building safety project implementation plan for strengthening the supervision and inspection of school building safety projects?

Answer: The national school building safety project implementation plan clearly stipulates that the national school building safety project leadership group and local people's governments at all levels should strengthen inspection and supervision of project construction, and organize inspection and evaluation of project implementation. The whole process of school building safety engineering is subject to social supervision, and technical standards, implementation plans, project progress and implementation results are announced to the public. All projects are open for tender, and construction and acceptance are subject to news media and social supervision.

13. How does the national primary and secondary school building safety project implementation plan provide for accountability?

The implementation plan for the safety engineering of school buildings in primary and middle schools across the country requires all regions to establish and improve the accountability system for the quality and funding management of school safety projects. The plan clearly stipulates that in areas where teachers and students are injured or injured due to the collapse of dangerous buildings in schools and other safety accidents due to inadequate prevention, the main responsible persons of the local government shall be investigated in accordance with the law. If the rebuilt school building is damaged due to improper site selection or construction quality problems, the main responsible person of the local government during the school building renovation shall be investigated according to law. Construction, assessment and appraisal, survey, design, construction and engineering supervision units and relevant responsible personnel shall be responsible for the project in accordance with law. Those who appropriate, misappropriate, withhold, withhold, withdraw special funds from projects, charge illegally or reduce local government investment, and neglect management to affect the achievement of project objectives, shall be held accountable to the responsible persons in accordance with the law. ^[8]