What Are Sulfa Drugs?

Sulfonamides (Sulfonamides) are a class of chemically synthesized drugs with bacteriostatic activity. They are derivatives of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfonamide for short). It is a relatively commonly used class of drugs, which has the advantages of broad antibacterial spectrum, can be taken orally, and absorbed quickly, and some (such as sulfadiazine, SD) can penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid through the blood-brain barrier, are relatively stable, and are not easy to deteriorate.

Sulfa drugs

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Sulfonamides (Sulfonamides) are a class of chemically synthesized drugs with bacteriostatic activity. They are derivatives of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfonamide for short). It is a relatively commonly used class of drugs, which has the advantages of broad antibacterial spectrum, can be taken orally, and absorbed quickly, and some (such as sulfadiazine, SD) can penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid through the blood-brain barrier, are relatively stable, and are not easy to deteriorate.

Can be divided into three categories:

1. Systemic infections can be absorbed after oral administration of sulfa drugs, but their plasma concentrations have different durations. According to its t1 / 2, it can be divided into three types: short-acting sulfonamide (t1 / 2 about 6 hours), medium-effect sulfonamide (t1 / 2 is close to 12 hours), and long-acting sulfonamide (t1 / 2 is more than 24 hours). At present, the main clinical applications are middle-effect sulfonamides, which are commonly used as sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SD). Others have been used sparingly.

2. Intestinal sulfa This sulfa is rarely absorbed after oral administration, and it mainly acts as a bacteriostatic agent in the intestine. It includes sulfazone (SG), sulfothiazolium (SST), phthalosulfan thiazole (PST), and sulfamethoxam (silamami , PSA) and so on.

3 Topical sulfonamides are mainly sulfasulfame sodium (SA: SC-Na), mesosulfuric acid (SML),

A class of chemically synthesized drugs with bacteriostatic activity, which are derivatives of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfonamide for short):

The structure of sulfa drugs is similar to that of p-aminobenzoic acid. When the former concentration is much higher than the latter, it can replace p-aminobenzoic acid in the synthesis of dihydrofolate and block the synthesis of dihydrofolate. This causes the folic acid synthesis of the microorganisms to be blocked and life cannot be continued.

Sulfonamide (that is, R and R in the general formula are both H) was synthesized as an intermediate of azo dyes (see dyes) as early as 1908. In 1932, German scientist K. Mickey synthesized the red azo compound Bailang Polydipsia; from 1932 to 1935, G. Domack found that it has a good therapeutic effect on certain bacterial infections in experimental animals. This landmark discovery, which was published in 1935, has sensationalized the medical community around the world. Soon, Studies by French scientists have clarified that the bacteriostatic effect of Bailang is due to the sulfa produced by its metabolism in animals. In order to expand the antibacterial spectrum of sulfa and enhance its antibacterial activity, scientists in Europe and the United States have performed research on its structure. After various transformations, thousands of sulfa compounds (more than 5,000 according to 1945 statistics) were synthesized, and more than 30 sulfa drugs with good curative effect and low toxicity were screened out, such as: Bailang Duoxi, Sulfadiazine (SP), Sulfadiazine (SD), Phthaloyl Sulfadiazole (PST), Sulfadiazole (ST), Sulfadiazine (SG), Sulfadiazole (SIZ),

The production of sulfa drugs is generally based on acetanilide (antipyretic ice), which is chlorosulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid (see

Sulfonamides have a broad antibacterial spectrum and have inhibitory effects on a variety of cocci such as meningococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococci, gonococci, and certain bacilli such as dysentery, E. coli, proteus, and plague It also inhibits certain fungi (such as actinomycetes) and Plasmodium. It is clinically used to treat epidemic meningitis, upper respiratory tract infections (such as laryngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia, etc.), urinary tract infections (such as acute or chronic urinary tract infections, mild pyelonephritis), and intestinal infections ( (Such as bacterial dysentery, enteritis, etc.), plague, local soft tissue or wound infections, eye infections (such as conjunctivitis, trachoma, etc.), malaria, etc.